Greatampnbspscientists（Perioda

　　period4readingandwriting
　　thegeneralideaofthisperiodinthisperiodtheteachingandlearningwillcenteronreadingandwriting。asusual，theteachercanbegintheteachingwithreviewingtheformerknowledge。thefollowingpartistheleadintalkingaboutsomescientists，becausethisunittalksaboutgreatscientistsandthispassageisaboutnicolauscopernicusandhistheory。astoreadingtraining，theteachershouldstilldevelopthestudents’abilityofscanningandskimming。soatthebeginning，getthestudentstopreparesomeknowledgeforreading。forthatpurpose，theteacherwillfirstlyaskforinformationaboutcopernicusaccordingtowhatthestudentsalreadyknow。thentheteachercanhavethestudentslistentothetapeandfindoutwhetherthestatementsaretrueorfalse。itisdesignedtotrainthestudents’listeningandtocheckwhetherthestudentshavepreviewedthepassagewell。later，theteacherwillaskthestudentstoskimitandfindoutthemainideaforeachpart。thepurposeofdoingtheseistohelpthestudentstoformthegoodhabitofreadingwithsomestrategy。whenreadingapassage，wehadbetterfirstreaditasawhole，thatis，understandthestructureofthepassageandcatchthemainideawiththehelpofthestructureandtitle。thefollowingstepistoreadthepassageforthedetails。theteachercandesignsometeachingactivitiestohelpthestudentstoknowaboutmoreandmoreinformationbytakingpartinthereadingactivities。asaresult，theteachershouldbecareful，cautiousandcreativewhendesigningthereadingactivities。thereadingactivitieshadbetterbevarious，whichcancatchmorestudents’attention。attheendofreading，someactivitiesshouldbedesignedtocheckthestudents’understandingbysayingsomethingaboutcopernicusandmakingupadialoguebetweencopernicusandhisfriend。thepracticinghelpsthestudentsimprovetheirspeakingandarousetheircreativity。thecompetitionisheldtomakethestudentstakepartintheclassactivitiesactively。atthesametime，letthestudentsconsiderthewritingpurpose。besidesreading，thestudentsarealsoexpectedtolearnandpractisetheirwritingskill。bystudyingthepassage，thestudentsshouldlearntodopersuasivewritingtochangesomeoneelse’sdecision。theteachershouldgivethestudentssomeadviceonhowtoplanthewritinganddevelopthewritingbeginning，bodyandconclusion。teachingimportantpointshelpthestudentsknowaboutcopernicusandhistheory。developthestudents’readingability。improvethestudents’writingability。teachingdifficultydevelopthestudents’readingability。teachingaidsmultimediaclassroomandothernormalteachingtools。
　　threedimensionalteachingaimsknowledgeaimsgetthestudentstoknowaboutcopernicusandhistheory。learnaboutpersuasivewriting。abilityaimsmastertheskillofgistreading。developthestudents’readingability，suchasskimmingandscanning。improvethestudents’writingability。emotionalaimsarousethestudents’interestinscienceanddevotiontoscience。
　　teachingprocedurestep1greetingt：hello，everyone。ss：hello，misswang。step2reviewingt：lastclasswetalkedaboutqianxuesenandcarllinnaeus。canyousaysomethingaboutthem？s：qianxuesenisafamouschinesephysicist。s：qianxuesenoncestudiedintheusaandthenreturnedtochina。s：qianxuesenmadegreatcontributionstospaceresearch。s：carllinnaeusdevelopedasystemtoclassifyplantspeciesaccordingtothemaleandfemaleorgansinthefollowers。s：carllinnaeusearnedthetitlefatherofclassification。ss：。。。step3prereadingt：youhavedoneagoodjob。sowehavelearnedaboutalotaboutgreatscientists，suchasjohnsnowandqianxuesen。whoelsewouldyouliketolearnabout？why？s1：i’dliketoknowsomethingaboutmadamecurie，becauseshewasoneofthegreatwomenscientists。s2：i’dliketoknowaboutalberteinstein，becauseheplaysanimportantpartinthedevelopmentofphysics。s3：stephenhawkingbecausehehasmadegreatachievementsalthoughheisdisabled。ss：。。。t：ifindyouareinterestedinscienceandscientists。buttodaywearegoingtoreadaboutcopernicus。doyouknowsomethingabouthim？s1：hewasborninpoland。s2：hebelievedtheearthmovesaroundthesun。s3：itwassaidthathewasburnedtodeathbecauseofhistheory。ss：。。。t：doyouwanttoknowmoreabouthim？ss：ofcourse。t：solet’scometothepassagecopernicus’revolutionarytheory。step4listeningt：firsti’dlikeyoutolistentothetapeandfindoutwhetherthestatementsaretorf。（givethestudentsoneminutetoreadthestatementsandthenplaythetape。）（）1。whencopernicusfoundthattheearthwasnotthecenterofthesolarsystem，hewasveryexcited。（）2。someastronomersfounditstrangethatsomeplanetsappearedbrighteratsometimes。（）3。copernicusworkedoutthetheorybyobservationandcalculation。（）4。copernicusdidn’tpublishhisideasuntilhediedin1543。（）5。accordingtothechristianideaofgravity，thingsfelltothegroundbecausetheearthisthecenteroftheuniverse。（afewminuteslater。）t：areyouready？who’dliketohaveatry。ifthesentenceistrue，pleasereadit。ifitisfalse，correctit。s1：thefirstsentenceisfalse。whencopernicusfoundthattheearthwasnotthecenterofthesolarsystem，hewasfrightened。s2：thesecondstatementistrue。s3：thethirdstatementisalsotrue。s4：thefourthstatementisfalse。copernicusdidn’tpublishhisideasuntilhelaydyingin1543。s5：thefifthstatementistrue。suggestedanswers：1。f；2。t；3。t；4。f；5。tstep5gistreadingt：youhavedoneagoodjob。inthinkyoupreviewedthepassagewell。tounderstandthepassagebetter，ipidethepassageintofourparts。readthepassagequicklyandfindoutthemainideaofeachpart。（afterthreeminutes。）t：haveyougotit？generallyspeaking，ifwewanttointroducesomething，first，weusuallygiveabriefintroduction。whataboutthemainideasofotherparts？（askthestudentstogivetheiropinionsandintheendtheteachergivesthemtheanswer。）suggestedanswers：para1briefintroductionpara2thecauseofcopernicus’theoryparas34theprocessofcopernicus’theorypara5thesignificanceofcopernicus’theorystep6detailedreadingt：thispassagemainlytalksaboutcopernicus’theory。solet’scomparehistheoryandthetheorybeforehim。workinpairs。readthepassageagainandfillinthefollowingform。beforecopernicus’theorycopernicus’theory1。godmadetheearth。2。theearthwasthecenterofthesolarsystem。1。thesunisthecenterofthesolarsystemandtheplanetsgoarounditexceptthemoon。2。theearthisspinningasitgoesroundthesun。（twominuteslater。）t：haveyoufoundoutthedifferenttheories？who’dliketohaveatry？s：beforecopernicus’theory，theybelievedgodhadmadetheearth，soitwasthecenterofthesolarsystem。t：verygood。whataboutcopernicus’theory？s：copernicusfoundthatthesunisthecenterofthesolarsystemandtheplanetsgorounditexceptthemoon。t：that’sright！anythingelse？s：healsofoundtheearthisspinningasitgoesroundthesun。t：great！（showthecompleteformtothestudentsandletthemreadit。）justnow，weknewcopernicusdidn’tpublishhistheoryimmediatelyhefoundit。canyoutellmewhy？s：becausehedidn’twanttobeattackedbythechristianchurch。hepublisheditmanyyearslater。t：yes。atthattime，anyonewhowantedtochallengethetheoryofthechristianchurchwouldbepunished，evensometimesbesentencedtodeath。ifyouwerecopernicus，wouldyouhavehiddenyourtheorysoformanyyears？pleasegiveareason。（twominuteslater。）t：i’dliketoknowaboutyourideas。areyouready？anyvolunteers？s：ifiwerecopernicus，iwouldhavedonethesame，becauseatthattime，peopledidn’tenjoythefreedomofspeech。whoeverchallengedthechristianchurchwouldbepunished。whilethereislife，thereishope。therewouldbemorechanceformetomakemytheoryknowntothepublic。t：itsoundsreasonable。thankyou。anyoneelse？s：ifiwerecopernicus，iwouldhavepublishedmyideasassoonasifoundthem。sinceifoundmyideaswereright，iwouldmakethemknowntomorepeople，regardlessofdanger。asascientist，ishouldbebravetochallengeanddevotemyselftoscience。ss：。。。t：youhavedoneaverygoodjob。iappreciateyourgoodideasandopinions。step7practisingt：sincewehavelearnedthewholepassage，i’dlikeyoutodosomepractice。（showthefollowingonthescreen。）1。saysomethingaboutcopernicus。copernicus。2。makeupadialoguebetweencopernicusandoneofhisfriends。copernicusshowedhisideasprivatelytohisfriendandhisfriendencouragedhimtopublishhisideas。t：firstpleasesaysomethingaboutcopernicus。giveasmuchinformationaspossibleabouthimbymakingsentencesbeginningwithcopernicus。s1：copernicusisapolandastronomer。s2：copernicusfoundtheearthisnotthecenterofthesolarsystem。s3：copernicusdidn’tpublishhistheoryuntil1543。s4：copernicusmadeagreatcontributiontoastronomy。ss：。。。t：i’mdeeplyimpressedbyyoursentences。youareexcellent。fromthepassageweknowcopernicusshowedhistheorytohisfriendsandhisfriendsencouragedhimtopublishhistheory。pleasemakeupadialogueinpairsbasedonthissituation。wewillholdacompetitiontoseewhichgroupactsthebest。（afterafewminutes，theteachergetsseveralpairstoactitoutanddecideswhichgroupisthebestone。）step8writingt：justnowwelearnedthatcopernicusdidn’tpublishhisideasassoonashefoundhistheory。wealsotalkedaboutwhatyouwouldhavedoneifyouwerecopernicus。nowwriteashortletteraskingcopernicustopublishhisideassoeveryonecanreadthem。firstyouneedtocollectyourideas。therearesomesuggestedinformationonpage7。thenyouneedtoarrangetheseideas。thereisaplanforit。beginning：tellcopernicuswhoyouareandwhyyouwanthimtopublishhisideas。paragraph2：reason1andevidence。paragraph3：reason2andevidence。summingup：askhimtothinkagainaboutpublishinghisideas。（givesssometimetodoit。askthemtodrawanoutlinefirst，anditwillhelpthemtodeveloptheirwritingskill。thepassagewillbeclear。iftheyhavefinishedwriting，getthemtoexchangewiththeirdeskmates。finallyasksometoreadtheirwritingstothewholeclass。whiledoingthis，theteachercandesignacompetitiontoarousetheirexcitement。）step9homeworkt：youdidverywellinclass。there’sthehomeworkforyou。1。previewthereadingpassageandunderlinethephrasesyouthinkimportantanduseful。2。finishthewritingifyouhaven’tfinishedandimproveitifyouhave。
　　thedesignofthewritingontheblackboard
　　unit1greatscientists
　　period4readingandwritingcopernicus’revolutionaryworkmainideaofeachpart：para1briefintroductionpara2thecauseofcopernicus’theoryparas34theprocessofcopernicus’theorypara5thesignificanceofcopernicus’theorybeforecopernicus’theorycopernicus’theory1。godmadetheearth。2。theearthwasthecenterofthesolarsystem。1。thesunisthecenterofthesolarsystemandtheplanetsgoarounditexceptthemoon。2。theearthisspinningasitgoesroundthesun。
　　researchandactivitiesthethemeoftheactivityisagreatscientistinoureyes。getthestudentstoworkingroupsandintroduceagreatscientistintheirminds。first，theyneedtodecidewhichscientisttheythinkisthegreatest。then，collectasmuchinformationaspossibleaboutthescientist，suchashisherlife，achievements，andsoon。intheend，eachgrouppresentsittothewholeclass。theactivityisdesignedtoarousethestudents’interestinscience，cultivatetheirteamspiritandlearnsomethingfromthesegreatscientists。italsohelpsthemlearntosearchforinformationandorganizeitwell。
　　referenceforteaching
　　nicolauscopernicus
　　教学资源，完全免费，无须注册，天天更新！typex0000t75bornonfeb。19，1473，inthorn（torun），poland，nicolauscopernicuswasdestinedtobecome，throughthepublicationofhisheliocentrictheory70yearslater，oneoftheseminalfiguresinthehistoryofscientificthought。thesonofaprosperousmerchant，hewasraisedafterhisfather’sdeathbyamaternaluncle，whoenabledhimtoentertheuniversityofkrakow，thenfamousforitsmathematics，philosophy，andastronomycurriculum。thisexperiencestimulatedtheyoungcopernicustostudyfurtherliberalartsatbologna（14961501），medicineatpadua，andlawattheuniversityofferrara，fromwhichheemergedin1503withthedoctorateincanonlaw。shortlyafterwardhereturnedtopolandandeventuallysettledpermanentlyatthecathedralinfrauenberg（frombork），lessthan100milesfromhisbirthplace。throughhisuncle’sinfluencehehadbeenelectedacanonofthechurchevenbeforehisjourneytoitaly。copernicusnotonlyfaithfullyperformedhisecclesiasticalduties，butalsopracticedmedicine，wroteatreatiseonmonetaryreform，andturnedhisattentiontoasubjectinwhichhehadlongbeeninterestedastronomy。bymay1514copernicushadwrittenderevolutionibusorbiumcoelestium（ontherevolutionsoftheheavenlyspheres，1543）。thisclassicworkchallengedthegeocentriccosmologythathadbeenacceptedsincethetimeofaristotle。copernicusproposedthattheearthgoesroundthesunwiththeotherplanets。thenewtheorythatcopernicusespousedinderevolutionibusexhibitsapeculiarmixtureofbothradicalandconservativeelements。inthemidstofhisradicalreorderingofthestructureoftheuniverse，copernicusstilladheredtotheancientaristoteliandoctrinesofsolidcelestialspheresandperfectcircularmotionofheavenlybodies，andheheldessentiallyintacttheentirearistotelianphysicsofmotion。moreover，withsignificantinnovations，heclungtotheptolemaicrepresentationofplanetarymotionbymeansofcomplicatedcombinationsofcirclescalledepicycles。althoughcopernicusrealizedthathistheoryimpliedanenormousincreaseinthesizeoftheuniverse，hedeclinedtopronounceitinfinite。theseaspectsofthecopernicantreatisedonotmitigatethenoveltyortheimpactofthefinaltheory，ortheauthor’sfirmconvictionthathissystemwasanaccuraterepresentationofphysicalreality。rather，theyindicatethescopeoftheworkthatlayaheadandthatwaseffectivelyaddressedinthenextcenturywhenkeplerdeterminedtheellipticityofplanetaryorbits，galileoformulatedhisnewconceptofmotion，andnewtonespousedhistheoryofuniversalgravitation。theenunciationoftheheliocentrictheorybycopernicusmarkedthebeginningofthescientificrevolution，andofanewviewofagreatlyenlargeduniverse。itwasashiftawayfromthecomfortableanthropocentrismoftheancientandmedievalworld。ascientifictheorythatreflectedsoprofoundlyonhumanitywasnotwelcomedbythechurch，anditwasonlyafterthepublication（1540）ofnarratioprima（afirstaccount），byanenthusiasticsupporternamedrheticus，thattheagedcopernicusagreedtocommittoprintthetheoryalreadyoutlinedin1514。anundocumented，butoftenrepeated，storyholdsthatcopernicusreceivedaprintedcopyofhistreatiseonhisdeathbed。hediedonmay24，1543。
　　shenzhoutouchesdown
　　教学资源，完全免费，无须注册，天天更新！typex0000t75beijing，oct。17（xinhuachinadaily。com。cn）thereturnmoduleofchina’ssecondmannedspacecraftshenzhouhasreturnedtotheearth，andtheastronautsaresafe。themoduleandastronautstoucheddowninthemainlandingfieldincentralinnermongoliaautonomousregionat4：33a。m。mondayafterafivedayflight。feijunlonggotoutofthereturnmodulebyhimselffirst，followedbyniehaisheng。thetwosaidtheywereingoodconditionwhenansweringquestionsfromjournalists。thetwopeople’sliberationarmycolonelsreceivedahero’swelcome。jubilantresidentsinnie’shometownincentralhubeiprovincesetofffirecrackersandperformedtraditionalliondances。fei’smotherweptonlearningofhissafereturn，andhisfatherdeclared，themotherlandissogreat！statetelevisionshowedtheastronautsemergingfromshenzhouunaided，pausingatopthecharredreentrycrafttowavetotherecoveryteam。chenbingde，chiefofchina’smannedspaceproject，declaresthemissionacompletesuccess。thereturnmoduellandedonekilometerawayfromthetarget，andsixkilometersfromtheshenzhouv’slandingsite。
　　thetwomenareexpectedtobetakenbyahelicoptertoalocalairporttoboardaflighttobeijing。bothwillbeinisolationforobservationfor14daysafterthemission，butfamilymemberswillbeallowedtovisit，thebeijingyouthdailynewspapersaidsunday。feiandnieblastedoffwednesdayonchina’ssecondmannedspacemission。itcamealmostexactlytwoyearsafterchina’sfirstmannedspaceflight。chinaisonlythethirdcountrytosendhumansintoorbitonitsown，afterrussiaandtheunitedstates。statetelevisionshowedscoresoftechniciansmonitoringthelandingatcomputerscreensatabeijingcontrolcenter。theyshowednoreactionwhenanannouncersaidthecapsulehadlandedbutbrokeintocheersafterwordcamethattheastronautsweresafe，theassociatedpressreported。chineseleadersincludingthetoplegislatorwubangguowereshownontelevisionwatchingthelandingfromthecontrolcenter。themissionhadaccomplishedtheplannedexperimentsandaccumulatedvaluabletechnicaldata，xinhuasaidsunday。wefeelgood，ourworkisgoingsmoothlyandourlifeishappy，feiwasquotedassayingsundayeveningbeforethecraftbeganitsreentrymaneuvers。wewilldoourutmosttofulfillthemission。we’regratefulforthedeeploveandconcernbyallchinesepeople，thehongkong，macaoandtaiwancompatriots，niesaid。shenzhou6orbitedtheearth76timesandtraveledmorethan1。9millionmiles。themissionwassubstantiallylongerandmorecomplexthantheXXflight，whenastronautyangliweiorbitedfor2112hoursbeforehiscapsulelandedbyparachute。