thefifthperiod inversion teachingaim: learnandmastertheuseofinversion。 teachingimportantpoint: helptilestudentstomakeasummaryofallkindsofinversion。 teachingdifficultpoint: helpthestudentsknowinwhichcasesfullinversionisusedandinwhichcasespartialinversionisused。 teachingmethods: explanationandinductivemethods。 teachingaids: aprojectorandtheblackboard teachingprocedures: stepgreetings greetthewholeclassasusual。 stepiirevisionandleadin t:inunit9,wevelearntsomesentencesininvertedwordorder。now,illshow yousomesentencesonthescreen。pleasetellwhichareinnaturalornormalwordorderandwhichareininvertedwordorder。lookatthescreenandcomparethemcarefully。 (showthefollowingonthescreen。) outrushedtheboy。 theboyrushedout。 onlyinthiswaycanweloseweight。 wecanloseweightonlyinthisway。 t:whocantelluswhichareinnormalwordorder? s:iknow。thesecondsentenceineachpairisinnormalwordorder。 t:howdoyouknow? s:ifthepredicatecomesafterthesubject,itisinnormalwordorder。 t:verygood。sothefirstsentenceineachpairisininvertedwordorder。inthefirstpair,thewholepredicateofthefirstsentencecomesbeforethe subject,inthesecondpair,partofthepredicateofthefirstsentencecomes beforethesubject。now,pleaselookatthescreen。 (showthefollowingonthescreenandmakebriefexplanationifnecessary。) wordorder naturalwordorder:sv invertedwordordervs auxiliarymodalsv stephisummaryandexplanation t:ifthepredicateverbisplacedbeforethesubject,thesentenceissaidtobe ininvertedwordorder。suchawordorderiscalledinversion。weuseinversionfortworeasons。onefortheneedofthegrammaticalstructureofagiventypeofsentence,theotherforemphasisofacertainpartofasentence。inversionhappensinquestions,andinanumberofothercases。therearetwomainkindsofinversion。insomecasesthewholeverbcomesbeforethesubject。thiskindofinversioniscalledfullinversion。andinmostcases,anauxiliaryverboramodalverbcomesbeforethesubjectandtherestofthepredicateverbcomesafter。iftheresnoauxiliaryormodalverb,dodoesordidshouldbeadded。thiskindofinversioniscalledpartialinversion。now,let’smakeasummaryoftheinvertedcases。pleaselookatthescreen。inthesecases,thewholepredicatecomesbeforethesubject。 (showthefollowingonthescreen。) 1。intheconstructiontherebeforexistencee。g。therearesomebooksonthetable。 theresaboyintheclassroom。 note:someotherverbscanbeusedwiththerebesidestobe,suchas:live,exist,remain,come,arise,appear,enter,followandsoon。 e。g。therecameshoutsforhelpfromtheriver。。thereremainsnothingtobedone。 2。whenthesentencebeginswithoneoftheadverbs,suchashere,there,now,then,out,away,up,down,off,back,over。 e。g,theregoesthebell! inrushedthechildren。 note:whenthesubjectisapersonalpronoun,inversioncantbeused。 e。g。therehecomes。 outheran。 3。whenthesentencebeginswithsuchforreferringback,whichmeanspersonorthingofaspecialkind。 e。g。suchwasalberteinstein。 sucharethefacts。 note:thepredicatemustagreewiththesubjectafteritinpersonandnumber。4。whenthesentencebeginswithalongadverbialexpressionofplace,especiallyaprepositionalphrasedenotingplace。 e。g。betweenthetwobuildingsstandsatalltree。 southofthecityliesasteelfactory。 note:someintransitiveverbslikecomeliestandwalkoftenfollow aftertheadverbialexpressionsofplace。 5。thewholeorpartofthedirectspeechisplacedatthebeginning,followedby verbsofreportinglikeansweredjohnsaidtheoldlady,whichtellyouwhospokeorhowtheyspoke。 e。g。help!shoutedtheboy。 ivehadenough,saidjohn。 note:whenthesubjectisapronoun,theverbnormallycomesafterit。 e。g。youare,ianswered。 whentheverbofreportingisfollowedbyanindirectobjectoranadverbial,theverbnormallycomesafterthesubject,invertedwordorderisimpossible e。g。why?theteacheraskedhim。 both,sir。heansweredproudly。 6。tobalancethesentencestructureortolinkthesentenceclosely。 e。g。theyreachedafarmhouse,infrontofwhichsatasmallboy。 insidethepyramidsaretheroomsforthebodiesofthekingsandqueens。note:payattentiontotheagreement。 t:inthefollowingcases,partofthepredicatecomesbeforethesubject。 lookatthescreen。 (showthefollowingonthescreen。) 1。toavoidrepetition,so,neithernorcanbeplacedatthebeginningofasentencewhichsaysthatpeople(orthingorsituation)arethesameasothersthathavejustbeenmentioned。 e。g。(1)mymotherisillthisweek。 soismysister。 (2)icantspeakfrench。 norcani。 (3)myhusbandnevertouchesadryingupcloth。 neitherdoesmine。 note:socanalsobeusedinadifferentsense,tointroducesurprisedagreementwithwhathasbeensaid,whichmeansyes,indeed!yourequiteright。inthiscase,thesamesubjectismentioned。inversionisnotused。 e。g。thatsisabel,look! soitis。 2。insentencesbeginningwithnegativeexpressionslikenever,seldomhardly,scarcely,barely,rarely,little,not,nowhere,bynomeans,innoway,at! notime,neither(nor)。 e。g。hardlydoithinkitpossible。 bynomeansshallwegiveup。 norwillpracticedowithouttheory。 note:whenlittlewhichdoespressnegativeisusedasanadjectivebeforethesubject,naturalwordorderisused。 e。g。littlefranzoftenplayedtruant。 3。insentencestructureslikenotonly,but(also);suchthat。 e。g。notonlydidweloseallourmoney,butwealsocameclosetolosingourlives。 hardlyhadiarrivedwhenihadanewproblemtocopewith。 nountilallthefishdiedintheriverdidthevillagersrealizehow serioustheproblemwas。 sofastdoeslighttravelthatitisdifficultforustoimagineits speed。 note:inallthesesentences,inversionhappensinthemainclause,notinthesubordinateclause。 4。whenonlyisusedtomodifyanadverbialwhichisplacedatthebeginningofthesentence。 e。g。onlyinthiswaycanyousucceed。 onlythendidirealizethatiwaswrong。 note:whenonlyisusedforemphasisofasubject,normalwordorderis used。 e。g。onlyjohnknowstheanswer。 5。insomespecialformsofunrealconditionalclauses,whenifisleftout,thestructurewere(should,had)i(youhe,etc)areusedinsteadofifi(youhe,etc。)were(should,had)。thatistosay,inversioncanbeused insteadofif。 e。g。werehe(ifhewere)herenow,couldaskhim。 shouldhe(ifheshould) come,tellhimtoringmeup。 hadyou(ifyouhad)nothelpedme,i’dhavefailed。 note:iftheresno:werehadorshouldintheunrealconditional clauses,inversioncantbeused。 6。inquestions e。g。haveyouseenjohn? note:inversionisnotalwaysusedinquestions。likethefollowingcases:(1)inaspecialquestion,ifthesubjectisexpressedormodifiedbyan interrogativeword,thesubjectcomesbeforethepredicate。 e。g。whathappenedtomary? howmanypeoplearelisteningtothelecture? (2)insomeothercases: e。g。youveseenjohn? iwonderedwhetherhedseenjohn。 7。insentencesexpressingblessingorconcession。 e。g。mayyousucceed! mayyougainstillgreatersuccess! costwhatitmay,illstickitout。 note:inlonglivethepeople!,inversionisusedwiththewholeverbfore t:now,letslookatthescreen,theresanotherkindofinversionyoushould remember。 (showthefollowingonthescreen。) inanadverbialclauseintroducedbyasorthough。 structure: predicative adverbialas(though)subject verb e。g。muchasilikeit,1willnotbuyit。 tryasshemight,shefailed。 childashewas,hehadtomakealiving。 note:(1)whentheadverbialclauseisintroducedbythough,invertedandnaturalwordorderarebothpossible。 e。g。thoughsheisyoung,sheknowsalot。 youngthoughsheis,sheknowsalot。 (2)whenthepredicativeisacountablenouninsingular,aoranshouldbeleftout。 e。g。heroasheis,hehassomeshortcomings。 stepivpracticeandconsolidation t:now,letsdosomeexercises。pleaselookatthescreen。finishthembyyourselffirstandthencheckyouranswersinpairs。 (showthefollowingonthescreen。) ichoosethebestanswers: 1。ifyoudontgothere,。 a。sowontib。nordoi c。neithershallid。sodonti 2。hehaspassedtheexam。 。 a。sohaveib。soihave c。ihavesod。sodidi 3。hardlythebusstationwhenthebusstarted。 a。hasshearrivedat b。hadreachedshe c。didshearriveat d。hadshereached 4。itrain,thecropswouldbesaved。 a。weretob。would c。shouldd。could 5。listen!。 a。therethebellgoes b。thebellgoesthere c。thebellgoesthere d。theregoesthebell 6。atnotimebeatstudent。 a。teacherscant b。iwillteachers c。teacherswillnot d。cantteachers 7。notuntil7:00。 a。hegotup b。hedidntgetup c。didhegetup d。didnthegetup 8。thefilm,1wouldhavetoldyousomethingaboutit。 a。haveiseenb。hadiseen c。shouldiseed。ihadseen 9。afterthatweneversawheragain,norfromher。 a。didwehearb。weheard c。hadweheardd。wehaveheard 10。heisunhappy,。 a。soissheb。neitherisshe c。soisnthed。norisntshe (amomentlater,checktheanswerswiththewholeclass。) suggestedanswers: 15cadcd610bcbaa ii。choosethebestanswers: 1。doyouknowjimquarreledwithhisbrother? idontknow, a。nordonticare b。nordo1care c。idontcare,neither d。1dontcarealso 2。notuntilibegantoworkhowmuchtimeihadwasted。 a。didnt1realizeb。didirealize c。ididntrealized。irealized 3。littleabouthisownsafety,thoughhewasingreatdangerhimself。 a。doeshecare b。didhecare c。hecares d。hecared 4。notonlypollutedbutcrowded。 a。werethestreets b。werethestreets c。thestreetswere d。thestreetswere 5。sothatnofishcanliveinit。 a。thelakeisshallow b。shallowthelakeis c。shallowisthelake d。isthelakeshallow 6。itwascarelessofyoutohaveleftyourclothesoutsideallnight。mygod! a。sodidib。soidid c。sowereyoud。sodidyou 7。davidhasmadegreatprogressrecently。 ,and a。soyouhave b。sohaveyou c。sohaveyou d。soyouhave 8。onlybypractisingafewhourseverydaybeabletomasterthelanguage。 a。youcanb。canyou c。youwilld。willyou 9。notuntilallthefishdiedintheriverhowseriousthepollutionwas。 a。didthevillagersrealize b。thevillagersrealize c。thevillagersdidrealize d。didntthevillagersrealize 10。,hedoesntstudywell。 a。asheisclever b。heisasclever c。cleverasheis d。ascleverheis (amomentlater,checktheanswers。) suggestedanswers: 15bbbcc610bbdac stepvsummaryandhomework t:inthisclass,wehaverevisedandsummarizedallkindsofdifferentinversions。afterclass,pleasegooverwhatwevelearntaboutinversion。besides,youshoulddomorepracticetomasteritbetter。somuchfortoday。seeyoutomorrow。 ss:seeyoutomorrow。 stepvithedesignofthewritingontheblackboard unit9savingtheearth thefifthperiod inversion i。fullinversion:vs ii。partialinversion:auxmodsv iii。 predicative adverbialas(though)subject verb stepviirecordafterteaching