Unitampnbsp4ampnbspWildlifeamp

　　unit4wildlifeprotection教学设计
　　period1：warmingupandreading
　　teachingaims
　　totalkaboutendangeredspecies
　　toreadaboutwildlifeprotection
　　procedures
　　i。warmingupbylearningaboutanimals
　　lookatthephotosbelowandlistentometellingyouabouttheanimals，theendangeredanimals。
　　thegiantpandaisamammalnowusuallyclassifiedinthebearfamily，beside，thatisnativetocentralchina。
　　thegiantpandalivesinmountainousregions，likesichuanandtibet。thegiantpandaisthesymboloftheworldwildlifefund（wwf），aconservationorganization。towardthelatterhalfofthe20thcentury，thepandaalsobecamesomewhatofanationalemblemforchina，andisnowusedinchinesegoldcoins。
　　giantpandasareanendangeredspecies，threatenedbycontinuedlossofhabitatandbyaverylowbirthrate，bothinthewildandincaptivity。about1，600arebelievedtosurviveinthewild。
　　miludeerisachinesedeer。ithasalongtail，widehooves，andbranchedantlers。anotherchinesenameforitisfourunlikes，。becausetheanimalswereseenashavingthehornsofastag，theneckofacamel，thefootofacow，andthetailofanass。
　　theseanimalswerefirstmadeknowntowesternscienceinthe19thcentury，byfatherarmanddavid，afrenchmissionaryworkinginchina。atthetime，theonlysurvivingherdwasinapreservebelongingtothechineseemperor。thelastherdofmiludeersthatremainedinchinawereeatenbywesternandjapanesetroopsthatwerepresentatthetimeoftheboxerrebellion。
　　thesedeerarenowfoundinzoosaroundtheworld，andaherdofmiludeerwasreintroducedtodafengreserve，chinainthelate1980s。theyareclassifiedascriticallyendangered。inthewild，butdonotappeartohavesufferedfromageneticbottleneckbecauseofsmallpopulationsize。
　　atigerisalargecatfamousforitsbeautifulfuroforangestripedwithblack。tigersliveinasiaandarebecomingveryrare。thisisduetopeoplehuntingthemfortheirfuranddestroyingtheforeststheylivein。
　　ii。prereading
　　1definingwildlife
　　whatdoestheworldwildlifemean？
　　thetermwildlifereferstolivingorganismsthatarenotinanywayartificialordomesticatedandwhichexistinnaturalhabitats。wildlifecanrefertoflora（plants）butmorecommonlyreferstofauna（animals）。needlesstosay，wildlifeisaverygeneraltermforlifeinvariousecosystems。deserts，rainforests，plains，andotherareasincludingthemostbuiltupurbansitesallhavedistinctformsofwildlife。
　　besidestheobviousdifferenceinvocabulary，therearedifferingexpectationsinthelegal，social，andmoralsense。thishasbeenreasonfordebatethroughoutrecordedhistory。religionshaveoftendeclaredcertainanimalstobesacred，andinmoderntimesconcernfortheenvironmenthasprovokedactiviststoprotesttheexploitationofwildlifeforhumanbenefitorentertainment。
　　2。makealistofotherendangeredwildlifeinchinathatisbeingprotected。
　　3。prereadingquestions：
　　4。readingtotherecording
　　nowturntopage26，listeningandreadingtotherecordingofthetext。trytokeeppacewiththenativereader，makingyourreadingresemblethatofthereader，inspeed，inintonationandinpronunciation。
　　iii。reading
　　1readingandgettinginformation
　　nowyouaretoreadthetextforinformationtofillintheform。
　　animalproblemsolution
　　1antelopehuntedforitsfurnotgiven
　　2elephantkilledforitshabitatfarmerspaidtopromotetourism，notkillelephants
　　3monkeyrainforestbeingdestroyedfindusefuldrugstoprotectrainforest
　　2readingandunderlining
　　nextyouaretoreadthetextandunderlineallthecollocationsatthesametime。
　　howdaisylearnedtohelpwildlife
　　longtodo，wakeup，findbyone’sbed，aflyingcarpet，flyaway，bekilledfor，turnaround，inrelief，burstintolaughter，becomeendangered，destroythefarm，takephotos，huntfor，makemoneyfor，asaresult，inthickrainforest，protectfrom，rubover，apowerfuldrug，payattentionto，takehome
　　iv。closingupbymatchinganimalstofiveriskcategories
　　differentendangeredspeciesappearondifferentendangeredspecieslists。andpeoplewhoaretryingtoprotectinganimalusethefollowingfiveriskcategoriestogrouptheunluckyanimal。
　　nowingroupsoffourtrytogroupalltheunluckyanimalsfoundinchina。
　　listofunluckyanimalsfoundinchina
　　中国不幸动物分类名录
　　extinct（灭绝动物）aspeciesformerlyindigenoustocanadathatnolongerexistsanywhere。
　　extirpated（根绝动物）aspeciesnolongerexistinginthewildincanadabutoccurringelsewhere。
　　endangered（濒危动物）aspeciesthreatenedwithimminentextinctionorextirpationthroughoutallorasignificantportionofitscanadianrange。
　　threatened（危急动物）aspecieslikelytobecomeendangeredincanadaifthefactorsaffectingitsvulnerabilityarenotreversed。
　　vulnerable（弱势动物）aspeciesparticularlyatriskbecauseoflowordecliningnumbers，smallrangeorforsomeotherreason，butnotathreatenedspecies。
　　period2：learningaboutlanguage
　　teachingaims
　　tolearnaboutthepresentprogressivepassivevoice
　　todiscoverusefulwordsandexpressions
　　todiscoverusefulstructures。
　　procedures
　　i。warmingupbyactingatextplay
　　goodmorningclass。tobeginwithweshallputourtexthowdaisylearnedtohelpwildlifeonstage，thatis，toactoutourstory。nowtheclassactingteamwiththeirtextplayofhowdaisylearnedtohelpwildlife！
　　ii。discoveringusefulwordsandexpressions
　　1。doingvocabularyexercises
　　turntopage28anddothevocabularyexercises1，2and3。youcansimplywriteyouranswersintheblanksontheverypageof28。
　　2。playingagame
　　let’sgoontoplaythegamedescribedonthetopofthepage29。thefollowingsentencesaretobepassedon。
　　plantnativeplantsinyourbackyard。
　　donotdumpweedsinthebush。
　　buildafrogpondinyourbackyard。
　　putyourrubbishinthebin。
　　leaveyourpetsathome。
　　donottakeanythingoutofthepark。
　　encourageyourfriendstokeeppatchesofbushaswildlifehabitats。
　　joinacommunitygroupandoffertodovoluntarywork。
　　findoutaboutconservationactivitieshappeninginyourlocalarea。
　　participateinlocalcleanup，treeplantingandweedcontrolactivities。
　　learnaboutthreatenedspecies
　　lookoutforwildlife
　　refusetobuyanyrareorendangeredplantoranimalproduct。
　　bealertanddriveslowlyatdawnandduskinruralareaswherewildlifemaybeactive。
　　iii。studyingthepresentprogressivepassivevoice
　　1。passivevoice
　　thepassivevoiceisusedwhenfocusingonthepersonorthingaffectedbyanaction。
　　thepassiveisformed：passivesubjecttobepastparticiple
　　itisoftenusedinbusinessandinotherareaswheretheobjectoftheactionismoreimportantthanthosewhoperformtheaction。forexample：wehaveproducedover20differentmodelsinthepasttwoyears。changesto：over20differentmodelshavebeenproducedinthepasttwoyears。
　　iftheagent（theperformeroftheaction）isimportant，useby。forexample：
　　timwilsonwrotetheflighttobrunnswickin1987。
　　theflighttobrunnswickwaswrittenin1987bytimwilson。
　　onlyverbsthattakeanobjectcanbeusedinthepassive。
　　thefollowingchartincludessentenceschangedfromtheactivetothepassiveintheprincipaltenses。
　　activepassivetimereference
　　theymakefordsincologne。fordsaremadeincologne。presentsimple
　　susaniscookingdinner。dinnerisbeingcookedbysusanpresentcontinuous
　　jamesjoycewrotedubliners。dublinerswaswrittenbyjamesjoyces。pastsimple
　　theywerepaintingthehousewheniarrived。thehousewasbeingpaintedwheniarrived。pastcontinuous
　　theyhaveproducedover20modelsinthepasttwoyears。over20modelshavebeenproducedinthepasttwoyears。presentperfect
　　theyaregoingtobuildanewfactoryinportland。anewfactoryisgoingtobebuiltinportland。futureintentionwithgoingto
　　iwillfinishittomorrow。itwillbefinishedtomorrow。futuresimple
　　2。passiveverbformation
　　thepassiveformsofaverbarecreatedbycombiningaformofthetobeverb。withthepastparticipleofthemainverb。otherhelpingverbsarealsosometimespresent：themeasurecouldhavebeenkilledincommittee。thepassivecanbeused，also，invarioustenses。let’stakealookatthepassiveformsofdesign。
　　tensesubjectauxiliarypastparticiple
　　singularplural
　　presentthecarcarsisaredesigned。
　　presentperfectthecarcarshasbeenhavebeendesigned。
　　pastthecarcarswasweredesigned。
　　pastperfectthecarcarshadbeenhadbeendesigned。
　　futurethecarcarswillbewillbedesigned。
　　futureperfectthecarcarswillhavebeenwillhavebeendesigned。
　　presentprogressivethecarcarsisbeingarebeingdesigned。
　　pastprogressivethecarcarswasbeingwerebeingdesigned。
　　iv。readingandidentifying
　　sinceyouareclearaboutpassiveverbformation，gobacktopage26andscanthetextforalltheexamplesofthepresentprogressivepassivevoice。
　　we’rebeingkilledforthewoolbeneathourstomachs。
　　ourfurisbeingusedtomakesweatersforpeoplelikeyou。
　　nowtrytoputthefollowingsentencesintothepresentprogressivepassivevoice。
　　theyareproducingthisnewdrug。
　　antelopeislookingather。
　　theyarekillingusforthewool。
　　theyaredestroyingthefarm。
　　v。discoveringusefulstructures
　　toconsolidateyourlearningofthepresentprogressivepassivevoice，turntopage29anddothegrammarexercises2and3。
　　vi。closingdownbyplayingagame
　　toendthisperiodgotopage29andplaythegamecalledtellmewhatishappening？askquestionscontainingthepresentprogressivepassivevoice。
　　period3：usinglanguage
　　teachingaims
　　toreadandlistenaboutanimalextinction
　　tospeakabouthelpingthedodo
　　towritetowwf
　　procedures
　　i。warmingupbyreadingtothetape
　　let’swarmupbyreadingaloudtotherecordingofthetext
　　animalextinctiononpage30。
　　ii。listeningaboutanimalextinction
　　nowi’dliketotellyousomethingaboutdinosaursandfinishexercise3and4onpage30。
　　haveyoueverheardofthedodo，ananimalthathasalsodisappearedfromtheearth？
　　themauritiusdodo（raphuscucullatus，calleddidusineptusbylinnaeus），morecommonlyjustdodo，wasametrehighflightlessbirdoftheislandofmauritius。thedodo，whichisnowextinct，livedonfruitandnestedontheground。
　　nextwearegoingtolistentothetapeanddoexercises2and3onpage30ondodo。
　　informationaboutdinosaur
　　dinosaurmeansterriblelizardinlatin。theywerecalledthatbecausepeopleusedtothinkdinosaurswerelizards，buttheywerenot。dinosaursfirstappearedabout200millionyearsago。65millionyearsago，manykindsofdinosaursbecameextinct。birdsareaspecialtypeofdinosaurandtheyweretheonlykindtoliveuntiltoday。
　　thereweremanykindsofdinosaurs。someateplantsandsomeatemeat。thelargestdinosaurswereplanteaterslikeapatosaurusandbrachiosaurus。theywerethelargestanimalstoeverwalkondryland。
　　otherplanteatershadspecialweaponstohelpthemfightoffthemeateaters。forexample，triceratopshadthreehornsonitsface，ankylosauruswascoveredinboneyplates，andstegosaurushadspikesonitstail。
　　themeateatersallranaroundontheirbacklegslikepeopledo。somewereverylarge，liketyrannosaurus，andsomeweresmall，likecompsognathus。itwasthesmallersizedmeateatersthatevolvedintobirds。oneofthefirstbirdswasarchaeopteryx，butitlookedhalflikeadinosaur。
　　therewerelargeflyingreptilesthatlivedatthesametimeasdinosaurscalledpterosaurs，buttheywerenotcloselyrelatedtodinosaurs。therewerealsomanykindsoflargereptilesthatcouldswim，likeichthyosaursandpleisiosaurs，buttheyweren’tcloselyrelatedtodinosaurseither。
　　iii。readingandcopying
　　nextweshallgobacktothetextaboutdinosaursonpage30againtoreaditandcopydownalltheexpressionsintoyournotebook。
　　usefulphrasesfromaboutdinosaurs
　　duringthehistoryoftheearth，liveontheearth，tensofmillionsofyearsago，cameintobeing，eggsoffivespecies，ararenewspecies，abirdlikedinosaur，climbtree，tellfrom，dieout，hittheearth，putintotheair，gethot，liveon，knowforsure，inthesameway，listentothestoryabout，disappearfrom
　　iv。readingtoanswerquestions
　　readthequestionsinthetablebelowandscanthetexttoanswerthem。
　　whendiddinosaursliveonearth？
　　whendiddinosaursdieout？
　　howdiddinosaursdieout？
　　v。speakinginpairsabouthelpingthedodo
　　zhaoyannan：thedodowasdriventoextinctionbysailorswhentheydiscoveredtheislandofmaritiusinthe17thcentury。itisoneofthefirstdocumentedhumaninducedextinctions。
　　zhaoyanfei：whatapitythatwecannotfindanydodonow。imaginewearewiththedodo，yannan，whatcouldwedotohelpit？
　　zhaoyannan：theniwouldintendtohideitinacave，sothatsailorscouldnotfindit。
　　zhaoyanfei：ifiwerethere，iwouldtrytotrapthemastheywerecatchingandkillingthedodo。puttingmanwhoisharmfultothedodoinacageandattackinghimisthebestwaytoprotectandsavethedodo。
　　zhaoyannan：i’dliketoandi’mreadyto，teachmanhowtobefriendswithanimals，includingthedodo。themanandthedodocanbelivingsidebysideontheearth。theycanbehappytogether。
　　zhaoyanfei：iwouldrathernottellyouwhatithinkofman。heisselfishandcruel。hecaresonlyforhimselfandthatiswhysomanyanimalshavedisappearedfromthisearth。puttingthebadmeninacageistheonlywayout，iamsure。
　　vi。closingdownbywritingtowwf
　　allrightnow，boysandgirls，toendthisperiod，nextyouaretowritealetteroranemailtowwfaskingthemtohelpyousaveyourendangeredanimal。
　　giveasamplewritingtotheclassaftertheirwriting。
　　附：备课资料
　　whatiswwf？
　　wwf，theglobalconservationorganizationwasoriginallyknownasworldwildlifefund。
　　in1986，itchangeditsnametoworldwidefundfornature（exceptintheusandcanada）tobetterrepresentthespreadofitswork。itwasfoundedonseptember11，1961by，amongothers，thebiologistsirjulianhuxley，princebernhardofthenetherlands，maxnicholsonandthenaturalistandpaintersirpeterscottwhodesignedtheoriginalblackandwhitepandalogo。itisoneoftheworld’slargestenvironmentalorganizations，withanetworkofofficesinnearly60countriesandasecretariatingland，switzerland。
　　probablythemostfamousnameassociatedwithwwfishrhthedukeofedinburgh。thedukewasthefirstpresidentofwwfukfromitsfoundationin1961to1982，internationalpresidentofwwf（19811996），andisnowpresidentemeritus。
　　wwfisdedicatedtostoppingthedegradationoftheplanet’snaturalenvironmentandbuildingafutureinwhichhumansliveinharmonywithnature，by：
　　conservingtheworld’sbiologicalpersity，
　　ensuringthattheuseofrenewablenaturalresourcesissustainable，
　　promotingthereductionofpollutionandwastefulconsumption。
　　wwfhasafactual，sciencebasedapproachtoconservation，whichfocusesonsixpriorityissuesofglobalconcern：forests，oceansandcoasts，freshwater，endangeredspecies，andtheinsidiousthreatsoftoxicchemicalsandclimatechange。foreachoftheseissues，wwfhasdevelopedmeasurabletargetsandrunsmorethan1，200fieldprojectsaroundtheworldinanyyear。
　　iii。antelope
　　theantelopeareagroupofherbivorousafricananimalsofthefamilybovidae，distinguishedbyapairofhollowhornsontheirheads。theseanimalsarespreadrelativelyevenlythroughoutthevarioussubfamiliesofbovidaeandmanyaremorecloselyrelatedtocowsorgoatsthaneachother。therearemanydifferentspeciesofantelope，ranginginsizefromtinytoverybig。theytypicallyhavealightandelegantfigure，slender，gracefullimbs，smallclovenhoofs，andashorttail。antelopehavepowerfulhindquartersandwhenstartledtheyrunwithapeculiarboundingstridethatmakesthemlookasthoughtheyarebouncingovertheterrainlikeagiantrabbit。somespeciesofantelopecanreachspeedsof60milesperhour（100kilometersperhour），makingthemamongthefastestoflandanimals。
　　iv。elephant
　　elephantidae（theelephants）istheonlyextantfamilyintheorderproboscidea。elephantidaehasthreelivingspecies：thesavannahelephantandforestelephant（whichwerecollectivelyknownastheafricanelephant）andtheasianelephant（formerlyknownastheindianelephant）。duringtheperiodoftheiceagethereweremorespecies，whicharenowextinct。
　　elephantsarethelargestlivinglandmammals。atbirthitiscommonforanelephantcalftoweigh100kg（225pounds）。ittakes20to22monthsforababyelephanttomaturetobirth，thelongestgestationperiodofanylandanimal。anelephantmayliveaslongas60to70years。thelargestelephanteverrecordedwasamaleshotinangolain1974，weighing1XXkilogramsor26400pounds。
　　prehistorichumanbeingshavebeenknowntoeatelephants，asrecentfindingsofanimalremainsincentralchinashow。theelephantisnowaprotectedanimal，andconsumptionisprohibitedaroundtheworld。
　　v。monkey
　　amonkeyisanymemberoftwoofthethreegroupingsofsimianprimates。thesetwogroupingsarethenewworldandoldworldmonkeys。becauseoftheirsimilaritytomonkeys，apessuchaschimpanzeesandgibbonsaresometimesincorrectlycalledmonkeys。also，afewmonkeyspecieshavethewordape。intheircommonname。becausetheyarenotasinglecoherentgroup，monkeysdonothaveanyimportantcharacteristicsthattheyallshareandarenotsharedwiththeremaininggroupofsimians，theapes。
　　monkeysrangeinsizefromthepygmymarmoset，at10cm（4inch）long（plustail）and120g（4oz）inweighttothemalemandrill，almost1metre（3ft）longandweighing35kg（75lb）。somearearboreal（livingintrees），someeatfruit，someeatleaves，althoughmosthavetails（sometimesprehensile），somehavetrichromaticcolourvisionlikethatofhumans，othersaredichromatsormonochromats。althoughboththenewandoldworldmonkeys，liketheapes，haveforwardfacingeyes，thefacesofoldworldandnewworldmonkeyslookverydifferent。tounderstandthemonkeys，therefore，itisnecessarytostudythecharacteristicsofthedifferentgroupsinpidually。