一。知识总结与归纳: 短文改错解题指导: 首先要理解整个短文的含义,逻辑关系,篇章结构。在仔细研究每一句的意义。借助划分句子成分的方法判断每一部分是否有错误。读句子时一定以整句为单位。 在研究每一行的句子时,首先把握句子的意思,然后划分句子的成分:主语;谓语部分;宾语;状语:地点,时间,方式等。如果句子是并列句或复合句,先分开各部分小的分句,根据各个分句之间的关系判断使用的连词是否正确。然后再研究各个分句的成分。 (一)名词使用错误:名词一般在句中做主语或宾语,名词的错误主要在于名词单,复数的错误使用。 1。westudyquiteafewsubject,suchasmaths,chinese,englishandphysics。:subject是可数名词根据本句的意思,前面有quiteafew修饰,应当改为复数形式。 2。wepractisethreetimeseveryweekandoftenwatchfootballmatchontvtogether。:根据本句的意思match在此应当改为复数形式。 3。onthewayupiwastakingpicturesincethescenerywassobeautiful。:picture应当改成复数形式,因为作者一路上忙于照相,不止仅照一张像。 另外还要注意名词所有格形式上的错误使用。 (二)动词的语法错误: (1)作为谓语动词,注意谓语动词在时态,语态,与主语是否一致以及用词方面的问题。 1。myfavouritesportisfootball。iwasamemberofourschoolteam。:全句的基本时态应当是现在时,was应改为am 2。playingfootballnotonlymakesusgrowuptallandstrongbutalsogiveusasenseoffairplayandteamspirit。:主谓一致的错误。give的主语是playingfootball,动名词作主语是单数形式,应改为:gives 3。thescenerywassobeautiful。thetimepassesquickly。eveningcamedown。:时态错误。全句是过去时态,passes改为passed 4。asweclimbedthemountain,wefedmonkeys,visitingtemplesandtoldstories。:动词形式的错误。句中有三个连续的动作做谓语。因此visit不是伴随状语,是第二个谓语动词,应该为visited。 (2)作为非谓语动词,现在分词,过去分词,动名词,不定式形式的使用错误,同时注意非谓语动词在平行结构中出现的错误。 1。notfarfromthehotel,therewasashopwithallkindsofclotheshangup。:hangup在此做定语修饰先行词clothes,应改为现在分词形式表示挂着各种衣服。 2。hehadworkedonfarmsandinshopswherehespenthissparetimestudiedbyhimself。:定语从句是说:他把业余时间花在学习上,按句型结构:spendsometimedoingsomething。所以studied应改为:studying。 (三)形容词,副词使用错误:注意1,形容词和副词的比较级,原级,最高级使用方面的问题;2,修饰比较级的副词的错误使用。3,以ing和以ed结尾的形容词的混用。4,形容词和副词的混用。 1。i’msurewe’llhaveawonderfullytimetogether。:形容词与副词混用。haveawonderfultime:过得非常愉快。wonderfully改为:wonderful 2。peoplewillworkfewhoursthantheydonow。:这是一个含比较级的句子。(句中有than),few改为比较级形式fewer 3。computerswillbemoresmalleranduseful。:比较级smaller前面的修饰词应该是副词much。more与多音节形容词或副词原形构成比较级。more改为much 4。lastweek,iwenttoamovie,whichwasverymoved。形容词moved指人受到感动。本句的定语从句的主语是movie。应当是moving。 (四)连词使用错误:并列句连词and与but的误用是历年高考题中常考的内容。复合句如宾语从句,状语从句,定语从句中主,从句的连接词的误用根据主从句的关系可以发现。 1。myclasswillbeoverbythenoriwillpickyouupthere。:前后两句的关系是并列关系or应改为:and 2。mygrandmawasthebestcookintheworldbutcouldmakethemostdeliciousdishes。前后两句是并列关系不具有转折意义but改为:and 3。itdoesn’tmatterthatiwouldwinornot。matter后面的从句是whetherornot结构。that改为:whether (五)代词的错误使用:代词的使用错误主要出现在代词(物主代词,人称代词,反身代词)在句中指代错误,做代词与指代的名词在数,性别,以及格上的不一致。例题: 1。thesmithsdidhisbesttomakemefeelathome。 句子的主语thesmiths指smith全家,是复数形式,谓语doone’sbest中的one’s作为物主代词应当和主语一致,his应当改为their。 2。atonceiapologizedandcontrolledmeatmybesttillthedinnerstarted。 根据句子意思:我立刻道歉并且尽最大努力控制了自己。control后面的宾语与主语一致,指同一个人,应改为反身代词myself。 3。therewillbemorepeopleintheworldandmostofwhomwilllivelongerthanpeoplelivenow。 本句是and连接的并列句,whom连接的是定语从句。所以whom应当改为them。 4。thesportteachesustheimportanceofobedience。eachplayermustobeythecaptain,whoistheleaderoftheteam。andtheymustnotbreaktherulestoooftenifwewanttowinthegame。 全句是以第一人称叙述的。所以they根据语境应改为we (六)冠词的使用错误:冠词的使用错误主要表现在:theaan之间的误用;缺少冠词,多余冠词;这些错误通过对句义的理解,特别是句中名词的意义,运用所学的冠词的基础知识就可以发现并正确改正这些错误。 1。aseveryoneknows,it’sfamousmountainwithallkindsofplantsandanimals。 根据句义:这是一座名山。明显地发现这里缺少了表示一个的不定冠词。应在famous前加上a 2。theyhadthewonderfuleveningandcamehomequitelate。 根据句义:他们过了一个非常愉快的夜晚。过得很愉快:haveagoodwonderfultime。the应改为:a 3。hewroteamessageandputitinthebottle。themessagegavehinameandaddress。 根据全句的语境:他把这个纸条放进一个瓶子里。此处bottle是泛指。the应改为:a 4。afteriputdownthereceiver,thephonerangthethirdtime。 根据句义:根据句义:电话又一次响起来。这里不是说第三次,而是指再一次。the改为:a (七)用词不当的错误:这种问题主要集中在谓语动词的近义词的选择使用上。 1。ihavearrivedinamericafortwomonths。 根据句义:我到美国有两个月了。arrive是非延续性动词,不能在完成时中与for时间短语连用。应改为:been (八)单词遗漏:根据句子意思,句中常缺少冠词,连词或介词。 1。itwasaboutnoonwearrivedatthefootofthemountain。 itwasaboutnoon是全句的主句,后面应是一个时间状语从句。表示:当我们到达山脚下时,已经是中午了。此处缺少了连词when 2。ifitdoesn’twork,bringinfriendthatyoufeelcomfortable,andhavehimorhelpyou。 根据句义:如果这还不奏效,那么带一个你与之在一起感到舒服的朋友来,friend前面缺少表示一个的冠词:a;定语从句最后应加上介词:with (九)句中有多余的单词,根据句义和语法规则,常常有冠词,介词,连词,副词甚至代词多余的错误。 1。ihopethatbothyoutwocouldcomeandvisitussometimesoon。 本句前面已经有both,后面再出现two显然多余,应去掉two。 2。youmighthavetochangeforyourmethodacoupleoftimes。 change在此是及物动词,表示改变方法,所以去掉for 3。wheniwasaboy,themostexcitingthingwaswhentocelebratethespringfestival。 全句是说:最令人兴奋的事是欢渡春节了。when放在这里,句子显得不通顺了。应去掉when 4。thefinefurniturestoreiworkhasbeeninbusinesssincethe1920s。:iwork是定语从句修饰先行词thefinefurniturestore,thefinefurniturestore在从句中做地点状语,应加关系副词where。 完型填空解题指导 同学们做题时应先快速通读全文,了解文章的大意,使自己进入到文章的语境情节中去;然后结合每一组备选答案,通过句义运用词汇知识,上下文逻辑,以及相关的语法知识,短语知识选择答案,同时学会从文中找复现词的提示。做完以后,再通读全文,验证所选的答案是否能使文章的意思通畅,符合逻辑。 (一)学会利用前后文的复现词找答案,有时某一个空的答案在全文之后的某处根据句子意思再次出现,正好提供了此处的答案。词汇复现的方式主要有:原词复现;进义词复现;反义词复现,同源词复现等。 1。forcingyourselftorecallalmostneverhelpsbecauseitdoesn’itonlytightensit。 a。loosenb。weakenc。decreased。reduce 分析:前后两句互为解释,一个是肯定;一个是否定。为反义词复现。从下文的tightens可以判断上文应该是:loosen。答案为:a 2。onedayhetoldhishorsemanthatifhecouldrideonhishorseandasmuchlandareaashelike,hewouldgivehimtheareaoflandhehadcovered。 a。removeb。coverc。sowd。get 分析:国王答应骑手可以得到他骑马能跑到的地方。与前面说的让骑手尽可能多得跑到他能跑到的地方。最后的cover提示了这个空的答案。 (二)上下文的逻辑关系:要求学生在作题时一定紧扣文章的情节,使答案能符合上下文的情景,保持上下文意思的通顺。 1。sometimes,whenyouneedrain,youdon’tgetany。othertimes,yougetrainwhenyoudon’twantit。takeabaseballgameforexample。asuddenrainstormcanstopanexcitinggame,forcingtheplayersandthe20,000personswatchingthegametorunfor。 a。coverb。umbrellac。buildingd。home 分析:作者以棒球比赛为例说明了下雨对人们生活的影响。一场突然降临的暴雨迫使队员和2万名观众跑去做什么。在体育场的人不可能跑去拿雨伞或回家,去找建筑物也不太可能。cover:遮蔽,遮盖。在此引申为避雨的地方。所以答案为a 2。travelingwest,travelingeast,yousetitahead。 a。behindb。forwardc。backd。ahead 分析:这是一个时差方面的常识,与下文的ahead对应;向西旅行,应把表往回拨。答案:c 3。pacohasdiscoveredthatpeopleactinpredictablewayswhentheyareshopping。successfulshopsadaptthemselvestothesehabits。forexample,peopletendto1totherightwhentheyenterabuilding。thatiswhymanyshopshavetheirentranceonthe2。alsowhentheyentershops,peoplewhospeedupneedspaceto3down。thatiswhythereisoftena(n)4spacejustinsideashopdoorgivingpeoplea5tomakethemselvesathome。 1。a。leadb。stickc。turnd。join 2。a。rightb。leftc。sided。way 3。a。slowb。goc。lookd。put 4。a。emptyb。usefulc。standingd。living 5。a。lessonb。spiritc。pictured。chance 分析:这一段讲述了商场根据人们购物的习惯而设置的入口处的布局。 1。考查了词语的搭配,人们倾向于向右转,turntotheright,答案为:c 2。考查上下文的逻辑理解;上文说人们习惯向右转,所以入口设计在左边,答案:b 3。考查上下文的逻辑理解;当人们匆匆进了商场,需要有一个空间来放慢速度。此空与前面的speedup想对应。答案为a 4。基于上文描述的人们的习惯进了商场以后需要放慢速度。商场入口处常常有一个空间。答案:a 5。接前面,这个空间给了人们一个机会,是他们有一种到家的感觉。这是在考查词义的辨析,答案:d (三)词义辨析突破:要求学生在掌握提问中心,明确上下文关系的前提下,能够区分词义在不同语境中的区别,程度的深浅,词义的外延以及感情色彩的不同。要注意准确,全方位的掌握单词的词义。例题分析: 1。musichasmeaningforeveryone。itisenjoyedbytheoldandtheyoungmenandwomen。itcanmakepeoplehappyandsad。inourmodernworld,radiosandtelevisionuswithaconstantflowsofmusic,givingusenjoyment。eitherinamusiclessonorataconcert,musicmeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople。musicbelongstothewholeworld。 a。giveb。surprisec。offerd。supply 分析:这一段主要说音乐影响着所有男女老幼,它能给人们带来快乐或悲伤。give的用法是givesb。sth。后面不需要介词surprise词义本身不符合本句的需要;offer的用法与give一样。而supply的用法是supplysomebodywithsomething。符合本句的意思和结构。答案为d 2。thenewstwentyminuteslater。thegunmanhadstoppedacarforaride,andthenpushedoutthedriver。hewaspossiblyheadingforthesouthernstateparkwayinawhiteford。licenseplatenumberljr1939。thevoiceoftheannouncercontinued a。continuedb。lastedc。spreadd。arrived 分析:上文提到todd听到了抢劫银行的消息。此段接上文描写了todd听到消息的后续内容。所以,一开始说:二十分钟以后,消息又继续播出。spread:传播;arrived:到达;它们都不符合本句的意思。last:持续,指会议等活动或事件自始至终用了多长时间。也不符合本句意思。只有continued:继续。为正确答案。 【模拟试题】 第一节:单项填空(共15小题,每小题1分,满分15分) 从a、b、c、d四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1。ifyouwanttoknowthetrainschedule,pleaseatthebookingoffice。 a。acquireb。inquirec。requestd。require 2。haveyouheardthatsadamhusseinhasbeenhanged? yes,newscameasshocktome。 a。ab。thec。a;ad。a;the 3。howlongdoyouthinkit’llbeicangobacktoschool? well,you’llbefeelingmuchbetterbynextweekend。 a。thatb。beforec。sinced。when 4。mylaptopcomputer,whichnoonecan,hasbeenoutoforderforaweek。 a。getgoneb。havetogoc。getgoingd。havegone 5。mr。blackleftforbeijingthismorning,hissecretaryhimtherethisfriday。 a。wouldjoinb。joinedc。joiningd。tojoin 6。therecanbeplacesforarefreshingholidaythandisneyworld。 a。fewbetterb。fewergoodc。fewgoodd。fewerbetter 7。heshouldhavebeenwarnedofthedanger。 ,buthewouldn’tlistentome。 a。sohewasb。sowashec。soshouldhed。soheshould 8。ourchineseathleteswon165goldmedalsinthe15thasiangamesindoha。 sotheydid。allpaperstodaythenewsonthefrontpage。 a。carriedb。deliveredc。heldd。existed 9。inthiscountryitisrequiredthatanyonewhorecentlycomeherethiskindoftest。 a。passesb。passedc。passd。pass 10。itissaidthatjackisveryrichandisalwayschanginghisprivatecars。whatishe? ,iamnotsure。 a。somebodyofamanagerb。somethingofamanager c。anyoneofamanagerd。anythingofamanager 11。doyouknowwhyannisill? yes,shemoreworkthanshecancopewith。 a。takesoutb。takesdownc。takesond。takesin 12。idon’tlikethenoiseofthesejetaircraft,buti’velearnedtoit。 a。standwithb。staywithc。livewithd。workwith 13。ireallyshouldbeonmyway。 oh,notyet!atleasthaveonecupofcoffeefortheroad。 no。。 a。iknowtheroadb。ihavetoleaveearly c。idon’twantanymored。thanksallthesame 14。chineseareverygenerouswhenitcomestotheirchildren。aboutthemoney,parentsoftensendtheirchildrentothebestschoolsorevenabroad a。notcaringb。don’tcare c。notcaredc。nevercare 15。itisfewpeople,havecometoaskfortheposition,fitforthejob。 a。whodoithinkisb。ithinkis c。whoithinkared。thatithinkare 第二节完型填空(共20小题;每小题1。5分,满分30分) 阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从1635各题所给的a、b、c、d四个选项中,选出最佳选项。 itwasthenightbeforethecompositionwasdue。asilookedatthelistoftopics,theartofeatingspaghetti(意大利面条)caughtmyeyes。thewordspaghettibroughtbackthe16ofaneveningatuncleallen’sinbelleville17allofuswereseatedaroundthetableandauntpat18spaghettiforsupper。spaghettiwasanexotic(外来的)treatin19days。neverieatenspaghetti,and20ofthegrownupshadenoughexperiencetobe21it。whatlaughing22wehadaboutthe23respectablemethodformovingspaghettifromplatetomouth。。24,iwantedtowriteaboutthat,butiwantedto25itdownsimplyformyown26,notformr。fleagle,mycompositionteacher。27,iwouldwritesomethingelse。 whenifinisheditthenightwashalfgoneandtherewasno28lefttowriteapropercompositionformr。fleagle。therewasnochoicenextmorningbutto29mywork。twodayspassedbeforemr。fleaglereturnedthe30papers。hesaid,now,class,iwanttoreadyouacomposition,‘theartofeatingspaghetti’。 mywords!hewasreadingmywordsout31tothewholeclass。32laughed,thenthewholeclasswaslaughingwithopenheartedenjoyment。ididmybestnottoshow33,butwhatiwasfeelingwaspurehappiness,34mywordshadthepowertomakepeople35。 16。a。memoryb。thoughtc。knowledged。experience 17。a。whenb。wherec。sinced。after 18。a。cookedb。servedc。gotd。made 19。a。theirb。pastc。lastd。those 20。a。noneb。onec。somed。neither 21。a。carefulaboutb。goodatc。fondofd。interestedin 22。a。speechesb。lessonsc。sayingsd。arguments 23。a。nearlyb。naturallyc。officiallyd。socially 24。a。especiallyb。probablyc。suddenlyd。fortunately 25。a。settleb。putc。taked。let 26。a。workb。storyc。luckd。joy 27。a。howeverb。thereforec。asforhimd。exceptforthat 28。a。timeb。excusec。wayd。idea 29。a。giveupb。continuec。handind。delay 30。a。writtenb。gradedc。collectedd。signed 31。a。loudb。fastc。publiclyd。calmly 32。a。peopleb。nobodyc。somebodyd。i 33。a。shockb。wonderc。worryd。pleasure 34。a。ifb。forc。whiled。although 35。a。excitedb。satisfiedc。thinkd。laugh 第二部分:阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2分,共40分) 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的a、b、c、d四个选项中,选出最佳选项。 a mostemployerssaythattheywishtoemploytherightpersonfortherightjob。arecentreportbybritain’sindependentinstituteofmanpowerstudies,however,disagreeswiththis。thereportstatesthatmostemployerswishtoavoidemployingthewrongperson。ratherthanlookingfortherightperson,theyarelookingforapplicantstoturndown。 thereportalsosuggeststhatinbritainandinmanyotherpartsoftheworld,theselectionmethodsusedtopickouttherightpersonforthejobcertainlydonotmatchuptothoseusedtojudgeapieceofnewequipment。employersusedthreemainselectionmethods:interviewing,checkingresume(简历)orapplicationformsandexaminingreferences。mostoftheemployersaskedinthissurvey(调查)statedthattheseselectionmethodswereusedmoreforweedingoutunsuitableapplicantsratherthanforfindingsuitableones。 interviewswereconsideredtobemorereliable(可信赖的)thaneitherresumechecksorreferencesfrompastemployers。research,however,provesotherwise。interviewers’decisionsareoftenstronglyinfluencedbytheirearlierjudgmentofthewrittenapplication。also,differentemployersviewfactsdifferently。onemayconsiderapplicantswhohavefrequentlychangedjobsaspeoplewithbroadandusefulexperience。anotherwillseesuchapplicantsasunreliableandunlikelytostayforlonginthenewjob。 someemployersplacegreatimportanceonacademicqualifications(专业资格)whilethelinkbetweenthisandsuccessinmanagementisnotnecessarilystrong。someemployersusehandwritingasastandard。thereportstatesthatthereislittleevidencetosupportthevalueofthelatterforjudgingworkingability。references,also,aresometimeunreliableastheyarenotveryimportant,whilechecksoncredit(信誉)andsecurityrecordsandapplicants’politicalopinionsareoftentheopposite。 thereportismorefavorabletowardstrainabilitytestsandthosewhichtestpersonalityandpersonalandmentalskills。thereportconcludesbysuggestingthatinterviewingcouldbecomemorereliableifthequestionswerearrangedinacareful,organizedsystemandfocusedontheneedsoftheemployingorganization。 36。thepicturesontheright。 a。presenttheinterviewers’trickstorefusethewrongapplicants b。showthatageisquiteimportantforthejobapplicants c。informusofsomequestionsaskedbytheinterviewers d。tellusaninterestingstoryhappeningintheinterview 37。whatdoesthelatterinparagraph4referto? a。thestandard。b。thereport。 c。academicqualification。d。handwriting。 38。accordingtothereport,whichofthefollowingcanbemorereliable? a。testsonacademicskills。 b。broadworkingexperience。 c。interviewswithwellorganizedquestions。 d。theinterviewers’opinionsaboutapplicants。 39。what’sthebesttitleforthearticle? a。whatarejobapplicantslookingfor? b。whatareemployerslookingfor? c。howareinterviewtestsprepared? d。howareselectionmethodsimproving? b parisinthespringtimewas,isandalwayswillbe,somethingratherspecial。whynotexperienceitforyourselfwiththisexcellentbreakforfourdays?129。 yourbreakbeginswithcomfortablebustransfer(运送)fromlocalpickuppointsandtraveltoparisisviacrosschannelferry,arrivingatyourhotelintheevening。theibisisanexcellentqualityhotelwithprivateequipmentsinallrooms:satellitetv,radio,telephoneandalarmclock。ithasabarandrestaurantandissituatedabouttwomilessouthofnotredameenablingyoutoexplorepariswithease。 thefollowingday,aftercontinentalbreakfast(included),thebustakesyouonacomprehensivesightseeingtourofthecity,duringwhichyouwillseetheeiffeltower,champselysees,l’arcdetriomphe,thelouvre,infactalmosteveryfamouslandmarkyouhaveeverheardof。youthenleaveparisandtakeashortdrivetothemagnificentpalaceofversailles,thehomeoflouisxiv。thetourendsmidafternoonbackinpariswhereyouwillhavetheremainderofthedayatyourleisure。intheeveningthereisaparisbynighttourshowingyouthebeautifulbuildingswithbrightlights。 daythreetakesyoutomontmarter,perhapsthemostattractivequarterofparisandhomeofthesacrecoeurandthemoulinrouge。intheafternoonyouarefreetoexplorethisbeautifulcityasyouwish,perhapsapleasurevoyageontheriverseine,wanderaroundthebeautifulgardensorlookamongtheantiqueshops(古董店)。intheeveningyouwillhavetheopportunitytovisitthebestnightclubinthecity,thesplendidparadislatain。onthefinaldayit’sbacktotheukviachannelferry。 129perperson: returncomfortablebustraveltoparis returnferrycrossings 3nightshousinginatwinbeddedroominacentralparishotelwithprivatefacilities continentalbreakfastduringyourstay guidedsightseeingtourofparisbydayandparisbynight visittothechateauofversailles(admissionnotincluded) touraroundmontmartre servicesofexperiencedbilingualtourguideatalltimes 40。whatisthepurposeofthispassage? a。toshowthepriceoftravelingtoparis b。totelltouriststheroutstoparis。 c。tointroducethecityofparis。 d。toattracttouriststoparis。 41。duringthestayinparis,thetouristswill。 a。haveaparisbynighttouronthefirstevening b。liveinahoteltwomilesawayfromparis c。havefreetimeforhalfaday d。haveapleasurevoyageontheriverseinetogether 42。whatdoestheunderlinedwordquartermeaninthepassage? a。anareaofatown。 b。aperiodof15minutes。 c。acoinusedintheusandcanadaworth25cents。 d。oneoffourequalpartsintowhichsomethingcanbepided。 43。accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue? a。thepalaceofversaillesisnotinthecenterofparis。 b。tetouristscantelephoneintheibiswithoutpaying。 c。itwilltakeyoualongtimetogottomontmartrefromparis。 d。thetouristswillspendthenightintheantiqueshopsonthethirdday。 c thefridgeisconsiderednecessary。ithasbeensosincethe1960swhenpackagedfoodlistappearedwiththelabel:storeintherefrigerator。 inmyfridgelessfiftieschildhood,iwasfedwellandhealthy。themilkmancameeveryday,thegrocer,thebutcher,thebaker,andtheicecreammandeliveredtwoorthreetimeseachweek。thesundaymeatwouldlastuntilwednesdayandsurplus(剩余)breadandmilkbecameallkindsofcakes。nothingwaswasted,andwewerenevertroubledbyrottenfood。thirtyyearsonfooddeliverieshaveceased,freshvegetablesarealmostunobtainableinthecountry。 theinventionofthefridgecontributedcomparativelylittletotheartoffoodpreservation。manywelltriedtechniquealreadyexistednaturalcooling,drying,smoking,salting,sugaring,bottling(瓶装) whatrefrigerationdidproducewasmarketingmarketinghardwareandelectricity,marketingsoftdrinks,marketingdeadbodiesofanimalsaroundtheworldinsearchofagoodprice。 somostoftheworld’sfridgesaretobefound,notinthetropicswheretheymightproveuseful,butintherichcountrieswithmildtemperatureswheretheyareclimaticallyalmostunnecessary。everywinter,millionsoffridgeshum(嗡嗡声)awaycontinuously,andatvastexpense,busilymaintaininganartificiallycooledspareinsideanartificiallyheatedhousewhileoutside,natureprovidesthedesiredtemperaturefreeofcharge。 thefridge’seffectupontheenvironmenthasbeenevident,whileitscontributiontohumanhappinesshasbeennotimportant。ifyoudon’tbelieveme,tryityourself,investafoodcabinetandturnoffyourfridgenextwinter。youmaynoteatthehamburgers,butatleastyou’llgetridofthatterriblehum。 44。thestatementinmyfridgelessfiftieschildhood,iwasfedwellandhealthily。suggeststhat。 a。theauthorwaswellfedandhealthyevenwithoutafridgeinhisfifties b。theauthorwasnotaccustomedtousefridgeseveninhisfifties c。therewasnofridgeintheauthorshomeinthe1950s d。thefridgewasinitsearlystageofdevelopmentinthe1950s 45。whydoestheauthorsaythatnothingwaswastedbeforetheinventionoffridges? a。peoplewouldnotbuymorefoodthanwasnecessary b。foodwasdeliveredtopeopletwoorthreetimesaweek c。foodwassoldfreshanddidntgetrotteneasily d。peoplehadeffectivewaystopreservetheirfood 46。benefitedtheleastfromfridgesaccordingtotheauthor? a。inventorsb。consumers c。manufacturersd。travelingsalesmen 47。whichofthefollowingphrasesinthefifthparagraphindicatesthefridge’snegativeeffect ontheenvironment? a。humawaycontinuously b。climaticallyalmostunnecessary。 c。artificiallycooledspace d。withmildtemperatures d areteachersdoingtheirjobs? thespeaker,ateacherfromacollegeincalifornia,addressedasupportiveaudience。headsnoddedinagreementwhenhesaid,highschoolenglishteachersarenotdoingtheirjobs。hedescribedtheinabilityofhisstudents,allhighschoolgraduateswhocanuselanguageonlyatagrade9level。iwasunabletodeterminefromhisanswerstomyquestionshowthisgrade9levelhadbeensetup。 inmyview,hehasbeenteachingforsixteenyears,andisabletothinkandspeakinasensibleandreasonableway。 mypointisthatthefrequentcomplaint(指责)ofonegenerationabouttheoneimmediatelyfollowingitisunavoidable。itisalsohumannaturetolookforthereasonsforourdissatisfaction。beforeenglishbecameaschoolsubjectinthelatenineteenthcentury,itwasdifficulttofindthefocusoftheblameforlanguageimperfection。butsincethen,englishteachershavebeenundercontinuousattack。 thecomplainersthinktheyhavehituponanoriginalidea。astheirownabilitytousethelanguageimproves,theynoticethatyoungpeopledonothavethissameability。unawarethattheirownabilityhasdevelopedthroughtheyears,theyassumethenewgenerationofyoungpeoplemustbehopelessinthiscase。totheeyesandearsofsensitiveadults,thelanguageoftheyoungalwaysseemsnotgoodenough。 sincethisconcernaboutthedeclineandfalloftheenglishlanguageisnotseenassomethingthathappenstoagenerationbutratherassomethingnewandstrangetotoday’syoungpeople,itnaturallyfollowsthattoday’senglishteacherscannotbedoingtheirjobs。otherwise,youngpeoplewouldnothavesuchpoorlanguageabilities。 48。thespeakerbelievesthatthestudents’poorenglishresultsfrom。 a。theineffectiveworkoftheenglishteachers b。theunawarenessoflanguagelearningmethods c。theinabilityofthestudentsolearnthelanguage d。theimperfectionofenglishstandardsfor9levelstudents 49。intheauthor’sopinion,thespeaker。 a。canthinkandspeakintelligently b。hasoverstatedthelanguageproblemsofthestudents c。isrightinsayingenglishteachersarenotdoingtheirjobs d。makesaprofessionaljudgmentonthestudents’englishlevel 50。inparagraph4theauthorpointsout。 a。whatleadstothecomplainers’dissatisfaction b。whatcomplainers’reactionistowardsyoungpeople c。howthecomplainers’opinionsformthroughtheyears d。howsensitivethecomplainersareintheyoungpeople’seye e phobiaisextremeandcontinuousfearofaspecificobject,situation,oractivity。becauseofthisfear,thephobicpersonoftenleadsalimitedlife。theanxietyistypicallyfargreaterthanitshouldbeintherealsituation,andthesuffereriswellawarethatthefearisunreasonable。 phobicanxietyisdistinguishable(辨别)fromotherformsofanxietyonlyinthatitoccursspecificallyinrelationtoacertainobjectorsituation。thisanxietyischaracterizedbyphysiological(生理)signssuchasarapidheartbeat,stomachdisordersandsoon。somephobicpeopleareabletofacetheirfears。morecommonly,however,theyavoidthesituationorobjectthatcausesthefearanavoidancethatreducesthesufferer’sfreedom。 psychiatrists(精神科医生)recognizethreemajortypesofphobias。simplephobiasarefearsofspecificobjectsorsituationssuchasanimal,closedspaces,andheights。thesecondtype,agoraphobia,isafearofopen,publicplacesandsituations,agoraphobicstendincreasinglytoavoidmoresituationsuntilintheendtheybecomeunabletogooutoftheirhouse。socialphobias,thethirdtype,arefearsofappearingstupidorshamefulinsocialsituations。takentogether,thephobiasarebelievedtoaffect5to10personsin100。agoraphobiaandsimplephobiaaremorecommonlyrecognizedinwomenthaninmen。 behavioraltechniqueshaveprovedsuccessfulintreatingphobias,especiallysimpleandsocialphobias。onetechnique,systematicdesensitization,isgraduallyfacingthephobicpersonwithsituationsorobjectsthatareincreasinglyclosetothefearedones。exposuretherapy,anotherbehavioralmethod,hasrecentlybeenshownmoreaffective。inthistechnique,thefeargraduallyfades。antianxietydrugshavealsoprovedsuccessfulintreatingsomephobias。 51。peoplesufferingfromagoraphobiamayendup。 a。shuttingthemselvesupathome b。receivingoperationsinthehospitals c。stayingincrowdedsupermarkets d。appearinginsocialsituationsfrequently 52。paragraph2ismainlyaboutofphobicanxiety。 a。thebadeffectsb。themajortypes c。thecharacteristicsd。thephysicalsigns 53。wecanlearnfromthepassagethat。 a。mostpeoplehaveeversufferedfromsocialphobia b。normalpeopleknowthatthefearsofphobicsisnecessary c。womenaremorelikelytosufferfromagoraphobiathanmen d。over15ofpeopleareaffectedbyphobicanxiety 54。systematicdesensitizationandexposuretherapyaresimilarwaysoftreatingphobiasbecauseboth。 a。useantianxietymedicine b。areequallyaffective c。facephobicswiththesamesituation d。arebehavioralmethods 55。thepurposeofwritingthispassageis。 a。toadvisepeoplehowtoavoidphobia b。togivesomeinformationaboutphobia c。todescribedifferentsituationsofphobia d。toexplainwhypeoplesufferfromphobia 第四部分:写作(共两节,满分35分) 第一节短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分) ifyouaretakinganenglishexam,donotonly56。 learnrulesofgrammar。trytoreadstoriesof57。 english。speakingenglishwheneveryoucan。58。 afewdaysaftertheexamyoushouldgotobedearly。59。 donotstayuplateratnightstudyingbeforeyou60。 starttheexam。readcarefuloverthequestionpaper,and61。 trytounderstandanexactmeaningofeachquestion。62。 whenyouhaveatlastbeenfinishedyourexam,63。 readoveryouranswers。correctthemistakeifthere64。 areanyandmakesurethatyouhavemissedanything。65。 第二节开放作文(25分) 请根据下面提示,写一篇短文。词数100120。 theproblemofraisingdogsincitiesisahottopicinnewspapersnow。pleasereadthefollowingtwosentencesandchooseon(onlyoneasyourowntopicandgoontofinishthewholeparagraph。giveatleastthreereasonstosupportyourselves。) 排泄物waste做伴;keepone’scompany (1)toomanypetdogswillspoilthecitylife。 (2)dogsarepeople’sfriends。 【试题答案】 第一节:单项填空 1。binquire:咨询,询问;这里是说:到售票处咨询;requestrequire:要求;acquire:习得;学习 2。a第一空是特指:thenews:这个消息;第二空:shock变为具体意义的名词:一件令我震惊的事。 3。b句型:it’llbe时间段before从句:在之前将要过多久。 4。c在which引导的非限定性定语从句中,先行词thecomputer做谓语动词get的宾语;going是宾补部分。 5。d动词不定式tojoin做状语,hissecretary是逻辑主语,表示他的秘书将在周五与他会合。 6。afew修饰比较级形式:表示:没有几个比disneyland更好的度假的地方了。 7。asohewas表示他的确受到警告了。后面说但是他不愿意听我的。 8。acarried:这里表示:登载;delivered:送货;送(信,报纸);existed:存在 9。dwhorecentlycomehere是定语从句,句中recently与现在完成时连用,itisrequiredthat后面的从句的谓语部分是虚拟结构:其中should可以省略。 10。bsomethingofamanager这里表示泛指:一个经理什么的。 11。ctakeon这里表示:承担;她承担了超出了她能适应的工作。 12。clivewithsth。:与共存。 13。dthanksallthesame这里表示对上文说的:至少走之前再喝杯咖啡的婉言谢绝。 14。a第一空是句型:whenitcomestodoing:当谈到时;第二空:notcaring是现在分词做状语。 15。dhavecometoaskfortheposition是定语从句,第二空是强调句的主体部分,由连词that连接。 第二节完型填空 16。aa项是:记忆,回忆,b项:思想,想法,c项:知识;d项:经验。 17。a排除b项,因为belleville是地点,如用where,则引导定语从句,修饰belleville没有必要。c,d两项与全句的时态不符。a项与broughtback的时态呼应,when表示就在那时。 18。b因为大家坐在桌旁是等auntpat端上意大利面条。服务,上菜。 19。dinthosedaysinthepasta,c两项与原文意思不符。 20。a本句and之前的一个并列分句是否定句,所以后面也是一个否定分句。排除b,c答案,neither指两个人,与前面的allofus矛盾。 21。b由于吃意大利面条是一种外来时尚,所以如何吃得体面,文雅涉及到能力问题,在此说:都不擅长。 22。d在分享又细又长的意大利面条之前大家很友善地争论如何吃得文雅顺利。 23。da项:几乎;b项:自然地;c项:官方地;d项:社交上地,根据上下文:吃这种面条大家都是第一次,又是在人家做客。当然是社交场合了。 24。c作者开始从作文交稿日期临近想到要写作文,看到题目又想到过去做客时吃意大利面条时的场景。这时,他又突然想写一些这方面的文字。 25。b根据上下文,此处是动词写下,记下的意思。settledown:安家;后不接宾语;letitdown后面要接动词,与全句矛盾,应排除。 26。d此处与幸运无关,作者是学生,与工作无关,作文还未完成,不可能将自己的事,应排除a,b,c三项。forone’sjoy符合作者的心情。 27。c此处意思是:至于他(布置作文的老师),我将另写文章交上去。这样与前面说的把吃面条的有趣场景写下来只是处于回想起来觉得有意思。一致。 28。ab项:借口;c项:方法;d项:主意;都和thenightwashalfgone不相干,a项在句中表示:没有时间在写老师留的作文了。 29。ca项:放弃;b项:继续;d项:推迟;与作者第二天交作文无关,c项:上交,符合句义。 30。ba项:书写;b项;批阅,评分;c项:收集过的;d项:签过字的;老师发下的自然是打了分的作业。 31。a考查上下文的逻辑性;老师朗读作者的作文,又是在全班面前,当然要readoutloud。注意:publicly很有迷惑性,但它不符合英语的语言逻辑。与tothewholeclass相重复。 32。ca项的内涵太大,与thewholeclass不相应,b项与后面的内容矛盾,d项与后面我尽量克制自己,不表露出我的喜悦之情矛盾。c项表示:开始有人发笑,后来全班开怀大笑。 33。d老师表扬自己作文写得好,当然不能当中喜形于色。 34。bfor在此有因为的意思。 35。d根据上下文的逻辑性,开始有人发笑,接着全班开怀大笑,作者感到了很纯洁的幸福,因为其文字有魅力使人们发笑。 第二部分:阅读理解 3639adcb4043dcaa4447cdba4850aba 5155accdb 第三部分:写作(共两节,满分35分) 第一节短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分) 56。57。ofin58。speakingspeak 59。afterbefore60。laterlate61。carefulcarefully 62。anthe63。去掉been64。mistakemistakes 65。have后加not 第二节:开放作文 possibleversions: toomanypetdogswillspoilthecitylife。firstly,theyleavetheirwasteabout,whichmakesthestreetsallthedirty。secondly,someofthebiggerandfiercerdogschargeatpeopleandevenbitepeople。thatendangerspeople’slifebecausetheycarrydeadlydiseasessometimes。thirdly,dogsbarkalotandtheywakeuppeopleearlyinthemorning。alotofpeoplecomplainabouthenoise。sothereshouldn’tbetoomanydogsinthecity。 dogsarepeople’sfriends。firstly,theyhelpuswatchourhouseandmakeusfeelsafe。secondly,dog,areloyaltopeopleandtheymakegoodfriendswithpeople,especiallywiththeelderly。theykeeptheircompanysothattheydon’tfeellonely。thirdly,theyhelppeopledomanotherthings,likehelpingtheyblindcrossthestreetandhelpingthepolicesolveproblems。whyaresomepeoplesounfriendlytothem?