从劳伦斯及其作品儿子与情人看恋母情结

　　Abstract
　　Inhistheoryofpsychoanalysis，FreudintroducedthetermOedipuscomplexalsocalledMotherfixationaccordingtotheAncientGreeceandRomemythologyinwhichOedipuswhokilledhisfatherandmarriedhismothertodesignateaboy’sstrongloveforandattachmenttohismotherandconsequentjealousyandhatredtowardshisfather。Unconsciouslytheboymayevennourishadesiretokillhisfatherandmarryhismother。Thisisacrucialstageinthenormalpsychosexualdevelopmentalprocess，andthosewhofailtopassthestagewillbeunabletoestablishanormalmanwomanrelationshipwhentheygrowup。AfterintroducingtheoriginandunderstandingofMotherFixation，thethesispointsoutthatD。H。Lawrence，togetherwithhisworks，especiallySonsandLovers，isaspecificevidenceoftheOedipuscomplex。InthetraditionalChinesefamilyculture，combiningwithsomeofthespecialrelationshipofthesonsandmothersandtheconflictsbetweenthemothersanddaughtersinlawtheyrevealsthephenomenonandessenceofMotherFixation。ThethesisfirstlyexplainstheunderstandingandanalyzesthestudystatusofMotherFixationathomeandabroad。Secondly，itgetsevidenceofMotherFixationfromthelifetimeofLawrence。Finally，itanalyzestheworksonsandloves。WiththedepictionofwarsbetweenthedramatispersonasMrs。MorelandtheloversofhersonPaul，psychologicaldependenceandtheabnormalloveofthemotherandson，theambivalenceandthetragedyofthedramatispersonas，itrevealstousthathowMotherFixationinjurethebodyandsoulofpeople。
　　KeyWords
　　MotherFabnormallove
　　摘要
　　弗洛伊德在其精神分析学说中根据古希腊罗马神话俄狄浦斯王子杀父娶母而提出俄狄浦斯亦称恋母情结这个概念，认为三岁至五岁的男孩会自然而然地恋母嫉父，并在潜意识中存着杀父娶母的欲望；不能顺利度过这一阶段的男孩成年之后往往难以确立正常的恋爱或夫妻关系。本文旨在细述对恋母情结的来源和对恋母情结的理解后，指出20世纪英国作家劳伦斯及其作品，尤其是《儿子与情人》，便是恋母情结的有力佐证，并从劳伦斯的生平和这部作品中找出事实与证据，结合中国传统家庭文化中某些特殊的母子关系、婆媳的纷争与矛盾关系中揭示了恋母情结的现象和本质。本论文先是通过对恋母情结的理解和分析并阐述了国内外对恋母情结的研究状况；然后从作者劳伦斯生平事迹找出其身上恋母证据；最后分析作品《儿子与情人》，通过描述作品中由恋母情结所引发的战争，主人公莫瑞尔夫人和儿子保罗之间的心理依赖和畸恋，作品主人公的矛盾心理及主人公的悲剧来揭示恋母情结对人身心的伤害。
　　关键词
　　恋母情结；心理依赖；有力佐证；畸恋
　　Introduction
　　MotherFFreudwasalsolackofspecificevidenceforitthatwasposedbyhim。Inthe20thcentury，theworksonsandloversarousedagreatsensationintheliteratureworldthatpeopleputtheirattentiontoMotherFixation。MostpeoplebelievedthatitwasastrongevidenceforFreud’stheoryMotherFixation。
　　Intheworksonsandlovers，Mrs。Gertrudemorel，themother，wasawomanofstrongcharacterandrefinement。Herhusbandwasaminerwhodrankheavilyandhewasirresponsiblewhichoftenledtoterriblequarrelsinthefamily。PaulMorelgrewupinsuchamiserablesetting。Themotherlavishedherloveonhimanddeterminedtosavehimfromtheshadowofthecoalmine。ButwhenhewasinlovewithMiriam，Mrs。Morelwasafraidthatshemightlosehimsoshedidherbesttocomebetweenthem。Finally，thetwolovershadtoporcefromeachother。Asecondattachment，toClara，graduallyfizzledout，tooclearly，bothfailureswerecausedbythepossessivemother，itwasnotonlyuntilthemotherdiedthatthesonbegantofindforhistrueloveearnestly。Itisoneofthegreatestautobiographicalnovelsofthelastcenturyanditislovedfarandwideintheworld。
　　AlthoughLawrencedeniedthis，hisfamilybackgroundwassolikethedramaticpersonaPaul’s。Hthewomanofthreechildrenwas6yearsolderthanLawrencemadeupforthelossofhismother。FromLawrenceandhisworkSonsandLoversweshouldlearnsomethingaboutit。
　　。TheUnderstandingofMotherFixation
　　A。TheOriginofMotherFixation
　　InoneoftheancientGreeceandRomemythologiestherewasaprophecythatthenewprinceofOedipusrealmwouldbethepersonwhokillhisfatherandmarriedhismother，afterhearingtheprophecy，theOedipusKingdecidedtodissenthissontothedesolatemountain。Luckily，theyoungprincewasrescuedandbroughtupbyashepherdandwassenttoOedipusrealmcountryasthesonofOedipusrealm。TheprincedidalotofcharitabledeedthatthepeopleregardedhimasaheroandthensupportedhimasthekingofOedipusrealm。BecomingthekingofOedipusrealm，theyoungkingmarriedthequeenofOedipusrealm。Onedayheknewthetruththatthequeenwashismotherandhisfatherhadbeenkilledbyhimasapassenger。Realizedthis，theyoungOedipuskingdugouthiseyeballsandthenledavagrantlife。Accordingthestory，theAustrianpsychologistFreudhadposedthetheoryofOedipuswhichalsocalledMotherFixation。
　　B。AnalysisofMotherFixation
　　IntheancientGreeceandRomemythology，peoplebelievethatthephenomenonofincestwasignorant。Buttherewasnodoubtthatinthewesternfeudaldynastysuchphenomenonwascommon。Becauseofthedesireofrightandwealth，theincestwasinevitable。Motherfixationwasonthebasisofinstinctualimpulse，whichwasoriginalessence。Withthedevelopmentofhumansociety，MotherFixationhasagreatchangeandithasdevelopedfrominstinctualimpulseintopsychologicaldependenceandlove。Thereareseveralkindsofabnormallove：FatherFixation，MotherFixation，BrotherFixationandSisterFixation。Inourdailylife，MotherFixationisthemostcommonphenomenon。Wecanseethatinourdailylifetheboychildrenalwaysdependonhismother，also，inthemother’seyestheirchildrenarelittlechildrenforever。Manyoftheyoungchildrenhaveadeepdependenceontheirmothersonpsychology，evenwhentheygrowup。Theyarelackoftheirownjudgmentorthought。Theydowhattheirmothersaskthemtoanddon’tdowhattheirmothersdon’tallow。Whatkindsofschools，workandwivestheywillchoosenotarenotdecidedbythemselvesbuttheirmothers。Theybelievethattheirmothersaretheoneslovethemmostandcanbereliedonthattheydon’twanttoleavetheirmothersandtheydesiretostaywiththeirmothersforever。Inopposite，themothersputmostoftheirattentiontotheirchildren。Theytrytheirbesttoprotesttheirchildren。Theydecideeverythingfortheirchildrenbecausetheybelievethattheyknowwhattheirchildrenneed。Intheirchildren’slifenobodycantaketheplaceoftheirmother。Graduallytheywanttocontroltheactivityandthoughtoftheirchildren。Thefeverlovewillmakethemothershavesuchasensethattheyareafraidoflosingtheirchildren。Theypreventtheirsonmakingsomanyfriendsespeciallyfemalefriends。Theyeveninterfereintheirsons’loveandmarriage。Intheirhart，theywishthattheirsonsneverleavethemandmarryotherwomen。Wecandefineitasselfishlovebutinmostoccasionitcanberegardedasabnormallove，MotherFixation，suchkindoflovenotonlydistortthenormallovebetweenmothersandsonsbutalsoaffecttheirlife，especiallythehappinessofthefuturelifeofthesons。
　　C。ForeignStudiesofMotherFixation
　　AfterFreudhadposedthetheoryofMotherFixationaccordingtotheAncientGreeceandRomemythologythatOedipuskilledhisfatherandmarriedhismotherwhichwasonthebasisofcoreofinstinctualimpulse，manywesternpsychologistsfixedtheireyesonMotherFixation。ManyofthemdidnotagreewiththeideaofFreudbecausehecouldnotprovidespecificevidenceforhistheory。SomeofthepsychologistsagreedwithFreud，buttheybelievedthatMotherFixationwasnotacommonphenomenonbecausetheyfocusedonbiologicalresearch，intheiropinion，MotherFixationwasjustaphenomenonofincesthappenedbychance。Evidently，theyhadamisunderstandingofmotherfixation。Withthedevelopmentofhumancivilization，thecoreofMotherFixationhasdevelopedfrominstinctualimpulseintopsychologicaldependenceandlove。Incestandparricideareeveryrare。In20thcentury，thepublicationofSonsandLoversandtheexperienceoftheauthorD。H。LawrencehadprovidedspecificevidencetosupportthetheoryofMotherFixationanditwasfurthertorevealtheessenceofMotherFixation。AlthoughD。H。LawrencehimselfdeniedthesubjectofMotherFixationofhiswork，wecangetstrongevidencefromhisworkSonsandLovers。
　　D。DomesticStudiesofMotherFixation
　　IntheChinesetraditionalculture，peopleregardedthefamilyvalueimportantly。InthetraditionalcultureofChinesefamily，thesonsandtheirwiveslivewiththeirparentsandthedaughtersinlawwillcometoherhusbands’family。Theconflictsbetweenthemotheranddaughtersinlawareeverycommon。Asweknow，theChineseprinciplesoffamilypietyisakindoftraditionalmoralitythatthesonsanddaughterspresentatributetotheirparents，especiallythesonsandmothershavedeepfeelingwitheachother。Thesonsalwayslistentotheirmothers’wordsandfollowtheircounselswhilethemothersregardinghersonashercoreoflife。Oncethewivesofthesonscomebetweenthemthepeaceofthefamilywillbreak。Themotherswillhavesuchasensethattheirdaughtersinlawwilltaketheirsonsawayfromthemthatsomethingabnormalappear。Thenthemotherswillmakesomethingdifficultfortheirsons’wivesandtheywillslandertheirdaughtersinlawbeforetheirsons。Inmostsituations，thesonswillstandwiththeirmothers，againsttheirwives，andthenthefamilyconflictsappearduetoMotherFixation。
　　。D。H。Lawrence
　　A。TheExperienceofD。H。Lawrence
　　B。TheWitnessofMotherFixation
　　Inthe19thcenturyofEngland，thepeoplewerepidedintothreestratums。Theyweretheupperclass，themiddleclassandthelowerclass。Peoplefromdifferentclasseshaddifferentgoalsandtheyweretreateddifferently。Sothatfamiliesofequalstandingwereregardedseriously。Lawrence’father，theminerofcoursefromthelowerstratumwasilliteratedandcholericwithabadtemper。HegotacquaintedwithLawrence’smother，aprimaryschoolteacherwhowasfromthemiddleclass。Thewomanwaseveryprideandshealwayscomplainedthatherhusbandwasvulgarpersonwithoutanyambitionandregrettedthatitwasmiserabletomarryhim。Theunluckymarriagewasbornwhichwasthebasisfactorofabnormallove。Thearrogantwomanputmuchattentiontohersonthatshewanttorealizeherdreamtobetheupperclass。Lawrencewasherpsychologicaldependence。Thesonoftheminer’sfamilygrewupundertheshelterofhismother，andengenderedtheabnormallovewhichwasdifferentfromthecommonhumanemotion。Afterthedeathofhismother，Lawrenceterminatedtheengagementwithhisfianc。Nosoonlater，LawrencegotacquaintedwithFriedWeeklyandfellinlovewithher。Atlast，LawrenceandFriedWeeklyeloped，whichwasregardedasthestrongevidenceofMotherComplexunderLawrencebecauseFrieda，thewifeofaprofessorandamotherofthreechildrenwhowas6yearsolderthanLawrenceandmadeupfortheMotherFixationofLawrence。Suchlovewasreviledbypeoplebecauseithaddistortedthemorallove。
　　。SonsandLovers
　　A。MainContentsofSonsandLovers
　　PaulMorelwasborninaminer’sfamilythathisfatherMr。Morelwasatotallyilliterateminerandhismother，Gertrudewasprimaryschoolteacherwhowasborninagoodoldburgherfamily，famousindependentswhohadfoughtwithColonelHutchinson，and，whoremainedstoutCongregationalists。MorelandGertrudegotacquaintedatadancingparty，soonertheyfellinlovewitheachotherandgotmarried。Buttheirmarriagewasafailure。Quarrelsbetweentheyoungcoupleneverstoppedbecauseofdifferenttemperamentsandbehaviorhabits。MorewasaroughmanwithoutanyambitionandGertrudewasanelegantandhonorablewomanwithagreatambitionthatwastheoriginoftheirfailuremarriage。Gradually，povertyanddiscordwasthethemeofthefamily。
　　William，Paul’olderbrotherwasabrightandcapableboyandhegotajobinEngland，becametheeconomicpropofthefamily。Unluckily，theyoungmanhadamortaldiseaseanddied。TheyoungerbrotherofPaul，Arthurwasaplayboythatdidnotengageinhonestworkandjoinedthearmywithoutanythinking。Paul，theonlyboyathome，becametheonlyhopeofhismother，Gertrude。Shetriedherbesttoraisedhimandhopethatonedayhecouldgetridofpovertyofminersandmadeupforherfailuremarriage。Pauldidnotdisappointhismotherthathewoncreditforher。Hisdrawingdidnotonlywintheprizebutalsosoldforagoodprice。Allofthesehedidwastopleasehismotherandmadeherproud。
　　ThefirstgirlfellinlovewithPaulwasMiriamwhowasfromtheWilleyFarm。Theyheldthecommoningoalsespeciallyinliteratureandpainting。Theyreallymatchedwell。Unfortunately，thelovedidnotlastlong。Theirdatewasinterferedwithbyhismotherbecauseshewasafraidoflosinghisson。Paulrealizedthathisfaithfullovebelongedtohismother。WhenheknewthatthedatewithMiriamhadhurthismotherheregrettedhisbehaviorandcouldnotbear，sothathedecidedtoseparatefromMiriam。ThesecondwomaninPaul’slifewasClarawhowasamarriedwoman。Becauseofnotgettingalongwellwithhishusband，Claraseparatedwithherhusbandwithalegalporce。ClarawasawildlyenthusiasticandsexywomanthatPaulwasattractedbyherfascination。However，theemotioninPaul’heartbelongtohismother。Thepeoplehelovedmostwashismothernotthesexywoman。Thelovealsoendednotlong。TheloveofPaulandhismotherbecamemothercomplexfromthelovebetweenmothersandsons。Becauseofendlessconflicts，Mrs。Morelwasmentallyandphysicallyexhaustedthatshediedoftumorattheend。Fromthenon，Paulgotridoftheshacklesofhismotherandledanindependentlife。
　　B。MotherFixation
　　1。Wars
　　Asweknow，itisatragedyforawomantomarryawrongman，sowasGertrude。Becauseofasuddenpassion，thegirl，Gertrudefromarichandpowerfulfamilymarriedthepoorminer。Whenthepassiondisappearedshefoundthemanwasveryroughandhecouldnotbereliedon。Theendlessquarrelsmadeherdreambrokenthatshelavishedherloveonhersecondson，Paul，afterthedeathoftheoldestson。Therewassomuchhopeonhersonthatshewantedtocontrolhissonincludingbehaviorandsoul，sothathewouldneverturnthebackonherandwentwithanothergirl。
　　OncethereweretwogirlsappearedinPaul’slife，thenthewarsbroke。ThefirstwarwasbetweenGertrudeandMiriam。GertruderealizedthatMiriamwasaformidableenemywhowoulddeprivehersonfromher。Assheknewhissonhadbeeninlovewiththegirlwhowaseveryyoungandbeautiful。Themostimportantthingwasthattheboyandthegirlfoundeachothercongenialandheldthesameideaincommon，especiallyintheartworld。Theycouldcommunicatewitheachotherintheirminds，ofwhichGertrudecouldnotdo。SowhenPaulwaslateforhomebecauseofthedatawithMiriam，Mr。MorelswaseveryangryanddescribedMiriamasoneofthosewhowillwanttosuckaman’ssoulouttillhehadnoneofhisownleft。AlthoughshedidnotfightwithMiriamdirectly，thewarwasveryacute。SheinflictedthepressureonhersonandshrewherhateofMiriamandafraidoflosinghersonbeforePaul。Thatwasamentalwar。ThepressurereallymadePaulmadbecausewhenhismotherwasupsethewouldfellremorseforherandtorturedverymuch。TowardsMiriam，shetreatedhercoollywhenMallthemembersandfriendsoftheMorel’sfamilywhofollowedMrs。MorelkeptdistancefromMiriamandisolatedthegirl。Astotheobstruction，MiriamjustsneeredatPaulbecauseshedidnotknowwhyhismotherdislikedherandPauljustfollowedhismother。TherewasnodoubtthatMiriamwouldbedefeated。
　　AnotherwarbrokeinMrs。MorelandClara。Mrs。MoreldefinitelyknewthatshewouldbethewinnerofthewarbecauseshewassurethathersonwouldbetiedoftheClara。AfterthefirstvisitClaratoPaul’sfamilyMorelMrs。foundthatClarahadsomethingattractedtoPaul。Clarawasapassionateandsexywoman，ofwhichwasmostattractedtoPaul，amaturewoman。ButinMrs。Morel’smind，ClaracouldnotkeepthepassionofPaulbecauseshewasavulgarwomanwithoutdeepthoughtthatshecouldnotmasterthesoulofPaulandPaulshouldthrowawayhissoulforthisflippanttrafficoftrivialitywithClara，evenClarahadahusband。Shewasjustwaitinghersonback。Claraherselfalsorealizedthis，althoughPaul’smothertreatedherfriendlybutitwascoolintheoldwoman’sdeephart。Sheknewthattheyhavetopartsoonerorlater，eveniftheymarried，andwerefaithfultoeachother，stillhewouldhavetoleaveher，wentonalone，andsheWouldonlyhavetoattendtohimwhenhecamehome。ShecouldnotmasterthehartofPaulbecauseshedidnotknowthatPaul’shartbelongtohismothernotanyotherwoman。Clarawastheloserinthewar。
　　2。AbnormalLove
　　Gertrude，thepridewomanwhowasfromtherichandpowerfulfamilymarriedtheminerwithoutthinkingcarefully。Thedreamoftheyounggirlwastomarryagoodman，whowaselegant，humorsandenthusiasticwithgreatambition。SowhenshefoundthatMorelwasjusttheoppositeherdreamwasbrokenandshelookedforanotherpeoplewhowouldrealizeherdream。Thedeathofheroldestsonmadeherdespaireduntilsherebuiltherhopeonhersecondson，Paul，whowonmuchcreditforher。ThelifeofGertrudewasfullofsunshineandhopeagain。ShetriedherbesttopraisePaultobeamanlyman。
　　HerlovejustlikedachainlockingontheneckofPaul。WhenPaulfellinlovewithMiriamMrs。Morelobstructedtheprogressoftheemotionbecauseshedidnotallowanyotherwomantodeprivehersonfromher。Mrs。MoreldidnotonlycontrolthebehaviorofPaulbutalsothementalitiesofPaulthattheboy’shartonlybelongtohismother。
　　Inthenovel，wecanseethatPauldeeplylovedhismotherthatheobeyswhathismothersaidanddidwhathismotherwishedhimto。Duringhislife，allhedidweretopleasehismother。Whenhewasachild，hewalkedallday，wentmilesandmilestolookforblackberrieswhichhismotherliked，ratherthanownhimselfbeatenandcamehometohismother’semptyhanded。Whenhewasawayfromhome，helookedforwardtogethomeearlierbecauseheknewthathismotherwasaloneandwaitinghisback。InPaul’seyes，hismotherwasanelegant，undisturbedandbeautifulyounggirl。Everynight，hewouldsendhismothertobedandkissedherforgoodnight。Afterthedeathofhisolderbrother，William，hisfamilyranintoapredicament。Theexpenditureofthefamilywaslargerandlargerwhilethefamilylivedwiththewageof26pondsoftheminer，hisfather。Inordertohelphismothertomanagethehousehold，PaulgotajobinNottinghamandofferedhismotherhiswages。
　　ItwasundutifulthatPaulwasamourningson，buthismainpurposewastohelphismother。Astohisfather，hestoodwithhismothertobeopposedtohim，evenhehatedhisfather。Whenhisfatherquarreledwithhismotherheevenwantedtotaketheplaceofhisfather。Hebelievedthathisfathermismatchedhismotherandtherewasnoloveintheirmarriage。OncehetalkedtoClaraaboutlove：loveisadoginthemager。Thesituationjustlikedhisparents’marriagebecauseevenifhismotherdidnotlovehisfatheranymoreorhatedhimextremely，theirmarriagestillcontinuedandhismotherwouldneverleavehisfather。HiswordshintedtousthatPalsowecanseethatPaulreplacedhisfatherandprotesthismother。Theloveofthesonandthemotherwasblameless，butitgraduallydevelopedintoakindofabnormallove，motherFixation。Wecangettheevidencefromthenovel，onceatime，afterquarrelingwithherhusband，Mrs。Moreldespairedandcomplainedtohissonthatsheneverhadahusband，atruehusband。Afterhearingthis，Pauldetestedhisfatherverymuchevenhewantedtokillhisfather，atthesametime，hedeeplyrealizedthathismotherdidnotonlyneedagoodsonbutalsoaideahusband，andthenhecouldnothelptouchingthehairofhismotherandkissinghismother’sneck，ofwhichwasthestrongevidenceofMotherFixation。
　　TheabnormallovehadaffectedPaul’slifeandthought。Mrs。Morelbecamethecoreofhisdreamandlife。HismothersinterferedagainandagaininhisloveandscoldMiriam。
　　PaulwasinadilemmaastocontinuetogetalongwithMiriamorseparatefromher。Oncehethoughtthatitwouldmadehismothersadhewasfullofselfreproachandremorse。Finally，PauldecidedtoporcefromMiriam。JustaswhatMiriamsaid，Paulwasachild，afouryearsoldchildthatPauldidnothavehisownjudgmentofthoughtundertheprotectionofhismother。Whathedidwastopleasehismotherthatoncehewentagainsthismotherwishedhewouldselfexamineandmendedhisway。Thoughhissecondattachmentwithoutthedirectinterferenceofhismother，itgraduallyfizzledoutbecausePaulcouldnotconcentratehimselfonanyotherpersonexcepthismother。OncehesaidtoClarathatheplantedtogoabroadwithhismotheranddependedoneachotherfromthenon。InPaul’smind，hismotherwashiscompanioninthefuturebutnothislover，maybetherewasnoaloveinhislifetimeifhismotherwasstillalive。Whenhegotthetruththathismotherhadatumorandwasbeingdied，thequeerfeelingwentoverhim，asiftheentiresunshinehadgoneoutofhim，anditwasallshadow。Whenhismotherdied，Paulevenwantedtogowithhismother。
　　3。Conflicts
　　Inthenovel，therewereseveralcomplicatedconflictsintheleadingcharacters。Asweknew，thenovelwasaboutthelovebetweenGertrudeandhersonandPaulandhistwolovers。ThemostprominentconflictwasinPaulandhismother。Withthecomplicatedpsychology，Paulhaddeepfeelingwithhismother。WhenhisattachmentwithMiriamledtotheobjectionofhismother，heregrettedverymuchandcouldnothelpbutobeyhismother’swishes。Atthesametime，theinterferenceofhismothermadehimannoyedanddetestedandsometimeshewoulddosomethingtohurttohismotherintentionally。OncehewaslateforhomeagainbecausehehadsentMiriamhomeandwalkedlongdistance，hismotherwasveryangryandscoldhim。Paulrespondedthathewasoldenoughtodecidewhathelikedanddowhathewantedto。Heknewthathiswordshurthismotherbuthishartwasdelightedbecauseheventedhisanger。Maybeitwasakindofreprisalforthecontrollingofhismother。AnotherexamplewasthatPaul’smothercomplainedthatPaulwasabsorbedbyMiriamandneverlethimaman。PaultoldhismotherthathelikedtotalktoMiriam。HismothercouldnotunderstandwhyPaulcouldnottalktoher。Paulsaidthattheywereatthesameageandhismotherwasnotsoyoungthathecouldhadhisthoughtssiftedthroughhismother’smindandshewasnothiscompanionship。Heknewthathisresponsewasthegreatrevengetohismother。Thecontradictablepsychologycameintotheclimax。Whenhegotthenewsthathismotherhadatumorhewasfulloffearthathecouldnotbelievedthathismotherwasleavinghim。DuringthelastlifetimeofhismotherPaulmadehismothertakeanoverdoseofmorphinewhichacceleratedthedeathofhismother。Althoughhispurposewastoacceleratethesufferingofhismother，itwasaviciousidea。Hadbeentiedontohismotherforalongtime，Paulknewthathecouldnevertobeacompletepersonunlesshismotherdied。Sothedeathofhismothermadehimfree。Theabnormallovewasinevitablycrazyanditledtotheabnormalpsychology。
　　ThesecondConflictwasinPaulandMiriam。MiriamwasthefirstloveofPaulandtheiremotionwasinnocent。PaullovedthegirlbutsometimeshehatedherverymuchespeciallywhentheircontactmadehismothersadhewoulddosomethingtoraventoMiriam。Whenhisfriendsandfamilydislikedherandsnubbedher，hestoodwiththem。OncehismotherandClarahadavicioustalkaboutMiriamhecriticizedthemandpaidhissympathytoMiriam。ThatwasacomplicatedConflict。AstoClara，thepassionatefascinatingwomaninterestedPaul’sattentionthathenearlygotmad。Hismotheralsotreatedherfriendly，butPaulneverbelongedtothewoman。Hishartwasonlybelongtohismotherthathewasnotacompletemanandhecouldnotconsentratedonotherwomen。HeannoyedthatClaradidnotbelongtohimanddidnotlovedhimcompletely。Howcontradictabletheabnormalmanwas。
　　4。Tragedy
　　Therewasnowinnerattheendofthestory。Wealsocandefinitethatthenovelendedwithatragedy。Inthenovel，thegreatestloserwastheelegantandarrogantwomanMrs。Morelbecausethesaddestthingforawomanwastomarryawrongman。Thebrokenmarriagewasherfirstfailure。ItwasundoubtedthatGertrudewasloserofmarriage。Ofcourse，herhusbandMr。Morelwasalsoaloserofmarriageandfamily。ThedeathoftheoldestsonwhowonsomuchcreditforherdidnotbroughtMrs。Morelthetremendouswillbutthebrokendream。AlthoughshedefeatedMiriamandClarainthewars，Mrs。Morelbecamementallyandphysicallyexhaustedandgotatumorandsoondiedaftercontinuousconfliction。ItwasthetragedyofMrs。Morel。
　　Becauseofinterferenceandcontrolofhismother，Paulwasdeepinthewarsofsoulandsensoryfeelingthathecouldnotowncompleteloveandgaveuphisloveatlast。WhenhewasinlovewithMiriamandClarahisbodyandmindwerepidedintotwopartsthathismindwasfixedonhismotherwhilehisbodywithhislovers。ItwasundoubtedthatPaulwasaloseroflove。Themostunluckythingwasthathelosthismotheratlast。Withouthismother，Paulalmostlosthisgoalandledavagrantlifeabroad。
　　AnotherloserwasMthesensategirlwaslookeddowneduponbyherloverPaulandabandonedbyhim。
　　ThelastloserwasClara，themarriedwomanwhohadabrokenmarriage，waspensionedinlovewithPaulandcouldnotescapefromthelovefailure。Attheend，Claracamebacktoherhusbandandrecoveredherlife。
　　Allthefailurewasduetotheabnormallove，MotherFixation。Ithaddistortedtheemotionofthemothersandsonsandbreachedthemoralprincipleofhumanbeing。Itdidnotonlyharmthebodyandmindofapersonbutalsodestroyedthefamily。Ithinkweshouldlearnsomethingfromitandpursuenormallove。
　　Conclusion
　　AlthoughMotherFixationwasasensitivesubjectintheliteratureworldthatpeopleseldomreferto。Itexistsinthesocietyasacommonphenomenonthatithasdistortedthesoulofmothersandsons，evendamagedthefamily，whichalsoobeystheethicsofhumanbeing。AstotheauthorofSonsandLovers，D。H。lawrence，MotherFixationmadehimsoblindthathedidnottakecareofthemoralprinciplesanddidnotknowthathehadcometothewoman’sfamilyandleftitbroken。ThenovelSonsandLoversalsoendedwithatragedywiththedeathofbeingmentallyandphysicallyexhaustedofMrs。MorelandthefailureofPaul’slove。
　　Inourdailylife，MotherFixationisacommonphenomenon，evenifmanypeopledonotwanttomentionitortheydonotacceptthedefinitionofMotherFixation。ThesonwhohasMotherFixationislackofhisownthoughtsandenterprisingspiritbecausehebelievesthathismotherishissanctuaryandsunshinethatneverdeclines。Evenwhenhegetsmarried，hismotheristheonlypersonhecanrelyonnototherperson。Sowhenthereisconflictinhismotherandwifehewillstandwithhismother，goagainsthiswife。AstothemotherwhohasMotherFixationlavishesherloveruponherson，shecontrolshisbehaviorandthoughtsthatshewishesthathersonwillnevergoagainsther。Thesonishereverythingthatsheisafraidoflosinghim。AsinChina，mostofthefamilyconflictcausebetweenthemothersandthedaughtersinlaw。Oneofthemostimportantreasonsistofightforthedominationofthehusbandsorsons。Oncethedaughtersinlawcometothefamily，themotherswillhaveasenseoftensionthatthedaughtersinlawwilltaketheirplacetoloveorcontroltheirsonsthattheyarelosingtheirsons。Gradually，themotherswilldosomethingdifficultforthedaughtersinlawandsaysomethingtoslanderthembeforetheirsons，andthenthefamilyconflictarousesandthetragedyappears。Inordertocreateahappylifeandaharmonioussociety，weshouldpayourattentiontoMotherFixationanddealwithitwellbecauseMotherFixationisakindofabnormalhumanbeings’loveandweshouldpursuenormallove。
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