跟老韩学UbuntuServer2204，aptfile帮助

　　aptfile帮助手册
　　aptfile帮助手册如下。roothanyw：manaptfilegrepEv39；APTFILE（1）UserContributedPerlDocumentationAPTFILE（1）NAMEaptfileAPTpackagesearchingutilitycommandlineinterfaceSYNOPSISaptfile〔options〕searchpatternaptfile〔options〕showpackageDESCRIPTIONaptfileisacommandlinetoolforsearchingfilesinpackagesfortheAPTpackagemanagementsystem。Someactionsarerequiredtorunthesearch：findAliasforsearch。listListthecontentsofapackage。ThisactionisveryclosetothedpkgLcommandexceptthepackagedoesnotneedtobeinstalledorfetched。Bydefault，thelistactioninterpretsitspatternasiffixedstringwasspecified。listindicesListtheknownContentindicesandtheirstatusinahumanreadableformat。TheseindicescanbesearchedviatheIoption（whenenabledandafterfetchingtheindices）。Theoutputissubjecttochangewithoutnoticeandisthereforeunsuitedforscriptusageautomation。Foramachinereadableformats（e。g。automation），pleaseuseaptconfigdump（searchforoptionsstartingwithAcquire：：IndexTargets）andaptgetindextargetsforcheckingthecache（LookforentrieswithanIdentifierfieldstartingwithContents）。Notethatinpidualsources。listentriescanoverridetheglobaldefault。Pleaseconsultsources。list（5）formoreinformationonadvancedconfigurationofthesources。listfiles。searchSearchinwhichpackageafileisincluded。Alistofallpackagescontainingthepatternpatternisreturned。SinceContentsfilesdoesnotcontaindirectories，thepatternmustmatch（partofa）filename。Bydefault，thesearchactioninterpretsitspatternasifsubstringmatchwasspecified。showAliasforlist。updateThisactionthatjustcallsaptupdateoraptgetupdate（dependingonwhetherattyisavailable）。Theonlyadvantageusingthisoveraregularaptupdateoraptgetupdatedirectlyisforthecasewhereyouhaveconfiguredanaptfilespecificconfiguration（viatheDir：：Etc：：aptfilemainconfigurationoption）。Inthatcase，saidconfigurationwillbeincludedautomatically。OPTIONSThefollowingoptionsareavailable：a，architecturearchitecture〔，。。。〕Thisoptionisusefulifyousearchapackageforadifferentarchitecturefromtheoneinstalledonyoursystem。Itcanbeacommaseparatedlistforsearchingonmultiplearchitectures。c，configfileAPTconfigfileConfigurationFSpecifyaconfigurationfiletouse。Theprogramwillreadthedefaultconfigurationfileandthenthisconfigurationfile。IfconfigurationsettingsneedtobesetbeforethedefaultconfigurationfilesareparsedspecifyafilewiththeAPTCONFIGenvironmentvariable。Seeapt。conf（5）forsyntaxinformation。Theconfigurationfilewillbereadrelativetowhenitappearsonthecommandlineandcanoverwriteoptionsthatappearbeforeit。NotethattheconfigfilewillalsobepassedtoallAPTtoolscalledbyaptfile。D，fromdebUsecontentsofthegiven。debarchives（s）aspatterns。Usefulforsearchingforfileconflictswithotherpackages。ImpliesF。f，fromfileReadpatternsfromthegivenfile（s），oneperline。Useasfilenameforstdin。Ifnofilesaregiven，thenthelistwillbereadfromstdin。Thisismuchfasterthaninvokingaptfilemanytimes。filteroriginsorigin〔，。。。〕Onlysearchindicesfromthelistedorigins（e。g。Debian）。ThisfiltermatchesagainstthenamelistedintheOriginfieldfromtheReleasefile。Ifsetto，thisfilterwillbedisabled（mostlyusefulforoverridingthesettinginaconfigurationfile）AliasoftheAPTconfigoption：aptfile：：SearchFilter：：Originfiltersuitessuite〔，。。。〕Onlysearchindicesfromthelistedsuitesorcodenames（e。g。unstable）。ThisfiltermatchesagainstthenamelistedintheCodenameandSuitefieldsfromtheReleasefile。ThismeansthateitherunstableorsidwillmatchDebiansunstablesuite。Ifsetto，thisfilterwillbedisabled（mostlyusefulforoverridingthesettinginaconfigurationfile）AliasoftheAPTconfigoption：aptfile：：SearchFilter：：SuiteF，fixedstringDonotexpandsearchpatternwithgenericcharactersatpatternsstartandend。Thisisdefaultforshowandlistactions。indexnamestype〔，。。。〕，Itype〔，。。。〕Onlysearchindexesofthegivenname（s）。IfsettothespecialvalueALL（casesensitive），thenallaptfileindicesaresearched。Thename（s）mustmatchoneormoreoftheidentifiersusedintheAPTconfiguration（minusleadingContents）。Exampleiftheconfigurationhasthefollowingsnippets：Acquire：：IndexTargets：：deb：：Contentsdeb｛。。。｝；Acquire：：IndexTargets：：debsrc：：Contentsdsc｛。。。｝；Acquire：：IndexTargets：：deb：：Contentsudeb｛。。。｝；Acquire：：IndexTargets：：deb：：Contentsdeblegacy｛ExplicitlynamedtoContentsdebIdentifierC。。。；｝；Then，aptfilewillrecognisedeb，dscandudebasindexnames。Thisoptiondefaultstothevalueoftheaptfile：：IndexNamesaptconfigoption（ordebifomitted）。i，ignorecaseIgnorecasewhensearchingforpattern。l，packageonlyOdonotdisplayfilenames。o，optionAPT：：OptionValueSetaConfigurationOThiswillsetanarbitraryconfigurationoption。ThesyntaxisoAPT：：OptionValue。oandoptioncanbeusedmultipletimestosetdifferentoptions。Thisoptioncanbeusedtooverwriteothercommandlineoptions（e。g。oaptfile：：SearchFilter：：OriginDebianiseffectivelythesameasfilteroriginsDebian）。NotethattheconfigoptionspassedviathisoptionwillalsobepassedtoallAPTtoolscalledbyaptfile。substringmatchMatchifthegivensearchpatternisasubstringofapathorpackage。Thisisdefaultforsearchandfindactions。v，verboseRunaptfileinverbosedebugmode。x，regexpTreatpatternasa（perl）regularexpression。Seeperlreref（1）fordetails。Withoutthisoption，patternistreatedasaliteralstringtosearchfor。Beadvisedthatthisoptioncanberatherslow。Ifperformanceisanissue，considergivingaptfilenonregexpatternmatchingtoomuchandpipetheoutputtoperlnepatternhere。Thisenablesaptfiletousemoreoptimizationsandleaveslessworktotheslowerregex。h，helpDisplayashorthelpscreen。CONFIGURATIONFILESTheaptfilecommandreliesontheAPTconfiguration。Notably，thedefaultconfigurationmakesaptfetchContentsfilesbydefaultduringacalltoaptupdate。ForinformationonhowtoconfigureAPTtofetchmoreorfewerContentsfiles，pleaserefertousrsharedocaptfileREADME。md。gz。Thefollowingfilesarenotablyinteresting：etcaptaptfile。confNotethispathisactuallyconfigurablebychangingthevalueoftheAPTconfigurationcalledDir：：Etc：：aptfilemain。Thelistedvalueismerelythedefaultvalueofthatoption。Ifthisfileispresent，aptfilewillreadthisfileafteralldefaultAPTconfigurationfiles。Anyconfigfilecoroption（o）willbeevaluatedbeforethisfile（andcanoverrideoptionssetinit）。ThefilewillalsobepassedontoallAPTtoolscalledbyaptfile。etcaptapt。conf。d50aptfile。confChooseswhichContentsfilestodownload。NotethataptfilerecognisesonlyAcquiretargetsthatstartswithContents。Specialconfigurationssimilartoaptfile2Herearesomeaptfile2relatedworkflowsandhowto（almost）emulatethemwithaptfile3。Theyaredocumentedasastartingpointforpeople，whoareattachedtothese。Theemulationmaynotbeperfectforyououtofthebox。Patchesarewelcometokeeptheexamplesupdatedaslongastheexamplesremaintrivial。OnlymakeaptfileupdatefetchContentsfilesIfyouareaccustomedtoaptupdatenotfetchingContentsfiles，thenyoucanrunusrsharedocaptfileexamplesaptfile2update。sh。Thisscriptwillconfigureaptandaptfileaccordinglyafterbesteffort。Pleasereadtheresultingetcaptaptfile。conf。CreatingusingusercachesPreviousversionsofaptfilehadacacheoption，whichcouldbeusedtodenoteadirectorytostoretheContentsfiles。Thiscanbeemulatedbydoing：Setupmkdirp。cacheaptfile。configtouch。cacheaptfiledpkgstatussedDir：：SDir：：Cusrsharedocaptfileexamplesaptfile。conf。configaptfile。confcatEOF。configaptfile。confDir：：StateHOME。Dir：：CacheHOME。Dir：：State：：statusHOME。EOFUpdatethecacheaptfilec。configaptfile。confupdateSearchusingthecacheaptfilec。configaptfile。confshowaptfileRemovalofthecacheconfigrmfr。cacheaptfile。configaptfile。conf（Youwillprobablywanttoaddanaliasaptfileinyour。bashrc）Pleasereadtheresulting。aptfileusercache。conf。BUGS，QUIRKSTherearesomeknownissuesorquirksthataregoodtokeepinmind。TheContentsfilesdonotincludealeadingslashonpaths。ThismeansthatbinlsislistedasbinlsintheContentsfile。Ifyouarelookingforsomethinginatopleveldirectory，itisoftenbettertoomittheleadingslash。Thesearchalgorithmwillattempttoworkaroundtheleadingslash，butitwillnotworkinallcases。Asaworkaround，trytopulltheleadingslashtothebeginningofregularexpressions。Forexample，use（？：usrbinvimsbinlvm）insteadofusrbinvimsbinlvm。Whenanewlinehasbeenaddedtothesources。listandaptupdatehasnotbeenrun，aptfiledoesnotprintawarningmessage。Bydefault，aptfileassumesthatContentsfilesdonotincludeadescriptiveheader（explainingwhatthefileisandhowtointerpretit）。However，sometoolshavegeneratedthemwithsuchaheader（e。g。foroldversionsofContentsfilesfortheDebianarchiveorContentsfilesgeneratedbyreprepropriortoversion5。2。0）。Ifyousearchsuchfiles，youwillwanttosetaptfile：：Parser：：CheckForDescriptionHeadertotrue（e。g。inetcaptapt。conf。d50aptfile。conf）tohaveaptfileproperlyfilterouttheheaderstoavoidfalsematches。Thereasonthisisnotthedefaultisthatitcostsafactor2inoverheadwhilemostcommonContentsfilesnolongerhavetheheader。（see881405formoredetails）。NotallAPTrepositorieshaveContentsfiles。Notablycommoninstallmedia（CDsetc。）mayomitthemtoconservespace。ThedefaultconfigurationbyaptfilemarksContentsfilesasoptionalandwilljustsilentlyfailtosearchinContentsfilesinsuchrepositories。EXITCODESaptfilehasthefollowingdefinedexitcodes，whichcanbeusedforscriptingpurposes。0aptfilereturnedsuccessfully。Ifthecommandwasasearch，therewasatleastoneresult。1aptfilecompletedasearchsuccessfully，butithadnoresults。2Anerroroccurred（includinginvalidconflictinguseroptions）。3aptfilecouldnotcompletethecommandbecausethecachewasempty。PleaseensurethereareindicesenabledintheAPTconfigandrunaptupdatetofetchthem。4aptfilecouldnotcompletethecommandbecausethecachedoesnothaveanyfilesmatchingtherestrictions。Eitherchangetherestrictions（e。g。indexnames）orconfigureapttofetchtherelevantfilesandrunaptupdate。255Therewasaninternalerrorsuncaughtexceptioninaptfile。Pleasefileabugagainstaptfile。Anyotherexitcodeisreservedforfutureuse。SEEALSOapt（1），aptcache（8），apt。conf（5）TheAPTusersguideinusrsharedocaptTheexampleconfiginusrsharedocaptfileexamplesTheREADMEatusrsharedocaptfileREADME。md。gzperlv5。28。120190209APTFILE（1）