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高一英语Festivalsampnbsparoundampn

3月23日 长歌行投稿
  高一英语festivalsaroundtheworld教案
  高中英语必修34要点综述
  unit1festivalsaroundtheworld
  teachingaimsanddemands
  1。topic:1festivals
  2howfestivalsbegin
  3howtocelebratefestivals
  2。function:1request
  eg:couldyouplease?
  couldihave?
  ilookforwardtodoing
  2thanks
  eg:it’sapleasure。don’tmentionit。
  it’sverykindofyouto
  i’dloveto
  thankyouverymuch。thanksalot。
  youaremostwelcome。
  3。vocabulary:
  4。grammar:情态动词的用法
  jincanspeakenglishwell。(ability)
  couldyoupleaseshowmethewayto?(request)
  mayweseetheawardsfortheteam?(permission)
  shemightgiveyou(possibility)
  thewholefamilywillcomefordinner。(promise)
  oftenhewoulddressuplikearichman。(passhabit)
  wewouldbetherewithourfriends。(promise)
  ii。keypoints
  period1warmingupandfastreading
  1。greetings
  2。warmingup
  step1discussingthefollowingquestions
  a。howwasyourholidayspringfestival?
  b。didyougotraveling?
  c。howmuchpocketmoneydidyouget?
  step2talking
  1)。namesomefestivals
  springfestivaldragonboatfestivallantamfestivalmidautumnfestival
  armydaymaydayteachers’day
  newyearnationaldaymother’sday
  children’sdayfather’sday
  christmasdayhalloweencarnival
  eastervalentinedayoben
  2)。ssworkingroupsoffourandlistfivechinesefestivalsandsiscusswhentheytakeplace,whattheycelevrateandonethingthatpeopledoatthattime。thenfillintheblanks。
  festivalstimeofyeardatecelebrateforthingstodo
  midautumnday
  springfestival
  dragonboatday
  tombsweepingday
  lanternfestival
  3。prereading
  1)what’syourfavouriteholidayoftheyear?why?
  2)whatfestivalsorcelebrationdoyouenjoyinyourcityortown?doyoulikespendingfestivalswithyourfamilyorwithfriends?whatpartofafestivaldoyoulikebestthemusic,thethingstosee,thevisitsorthefood?
  4。fastreadingandfindtheanswerstothefollowingquestions。
  a。whatdidancientfestivalscelebrate?
  b。whatarefestivalsofthedeadfor?
  c。whyareautumnfestivalshappyevents?
  d。namethreethingspeopledoatspringfestival?
  period23intensivereading
  1。readthepassageparagraphbyparagraphandfindthemainideasofeachparagraph
  paragraph1:allkindsofcelebrationinancienttime。
  paragraph2:thepurposetohonourthedeadandthreeexamples
  festivalstimethingspeopledo
  oben
  dayofthedead
  halloween
  paragraph3:thereasonswhywehonourpeople
  festivalswhodoesitcelebrate?
  dragonboatfestivals
  clumbusday
  indiannationalfestival
  paragraph4:autumnfestivalsarehappyevents
  paragraph5:howpeoplecelebrateinspringfestivals
  2languagepoints
  a。theywouldstarveiffoodwasdifficulttofind
  starve(v。)饿死;挨饿
  eg。millionsofpeoplestarvedtodeathduringthewar。
  starveforsth渴望
  eg。thehomelesschildrenstarveforlove。
  starvation(n。)饿死
  eg。dieofstarvation
  starvationwages不够维持基本生活的工资
  b。themostancientfestivalswouldcelebratetheendofthecoldweather,plantinginspringandharvestinautumn。
  celebrate(vt。vi。)庆祝,赞颂,赞美,举行(仪式)
  eg。wecelebratethenewyearwithaparty。
  theircouragewascelebratedinallthenewspaper。
  celebrated(adj。)famous著名的,驰名的
  c。becausetheythoughtthesefestivalswouldbringayearofplenty。
  daysyearsofplenty:富裕(尤指事物和钱)的日子,年月,生活等。
  eg。youhavealifeofplenty,whatwouldyoubeworriedabout?
  d。somefestivalsareheldtohonourthedead,orsatisfyandpleasetheancestors,whocouldreturneithertohelportodoharm。
  1)honour(v。)尊敬,给增光honoursb。(sth。)withsth。
  (n。)荣誉,光荣,敬意,面子
  winhonourfor为争光
  showhonourtosb。尊敬某人
  inhonourofsb。(sth。)insb。’ssth’shonour出于对某人的敬意
  eg。therewillbeapartyinhonourofhissuccess。
  为庆祝他的成功将会举行一个晚会。
  wehaveapartyinhonourofthefamousartist。
  为纪念这位著名艺术家我们举办了这场晚会。
  2)satisfy(vt。)使满意,令人满意
  eg。thatanswerwon’tsatisfyher。
  那个答案不会使她满意。
  satisfied(adj。)满意的(主语是人)
  satisfactory(adj。)令人满意的(主语是事而不是人)
  satisfying(adj。)令人满意的(主语是事)
  satisfaction(n。)满意
  eg。she’ssatisfiedwithherson’sprogress。
  对于儿子的进步她感到很满意。
  doyouthinkwhathesaidissatisfying?
  你认为他所见的令人满意吗?
  3)harm(n。)(u)伤害
  eg。don’tbetooserious,hemeantnoharm。
  (v。)harmsb。sth。doharmtosb。sth。
  eg。don’tbeafraid,thedogwon’tharmyou。
  whatyoudoshoulddomoregoodthanharm。
  你所做的应该利大于弊。
  e。thefestivalofhalloweenhaditsoriginasaneventinmemoryof
  thedead。
  inmemoryoftothememoryofsb。最为对某人的纪念,纪念某人
  eg。themuseumwasbuiltinmemoryofthefamousscientist。
  f。theydressupandtrytofrightenedpeople。
  dressn。连衣裙
  v。dresssb。oneself给穿上衣服
  eg。thefirstthingshedoeseverymorningaftergettingupistodressherson。
  她每天起来第一件事就是帮儿子穿衣服。
  dressup盛妆打扮,乔装打扮
  eg。ladieslovesdressingupmorethananythingelse。
  g。iftheyarenotfivenanything,thechildrenmightplayatrick。
  playatrickonsb。玩弄某人
  eg。thatnaughtyboylikestoplayatrickonothers。
  h。inmemoryofthearrivalofchristophercolumberinamerica。
  arrivaln。到达
  eg。wearepleasedfortheirarrival。
  i。inindiathereisanationalfestivalonoctober2tohonormahatma
  gandhi,theleaderwhohelpedgainindia’sindependencefrombritan。
  gainn。获得物,收获,增加
  eg。thebabyhasagainofhalfapound。
  v。获得,得到,增加
  eg。hehadgainedhimselfareputationforunfairness。
  他是自己得到了一个不公平的名声。
  比较:get得到,获得应用最广的词
  aquire获得,取得指通过漫长的过程而逐渐获得
  gain得到,获得往往指通过努力而获得某种有益或有利的东西
  eg。igotafavoriteanswer。
  howdidsheacquireherskill?
  ihopeyouwillgainstillgreatersuccess。
  j。gather收集,积累
  eg。thepolicehavegatheredinformationaboutthemurderer。
  k。somepeoplemightwinawardsfortheiranimals
  awardn。奖品,奖金,助学金
  winthesecondaward获得第二等奖
  wintheawardoftenthousanddolar。
  获得一万美元奖金
  vt。奖励,授予awardsb。sth。sthtosb。
  medalsareawardedtothebestspeakersonthedebatingteam。
  奖章授给辩论队中最佳的演说者。
  比较:awardn。vt。对鼓励工作突出所进行的鼓励,往往强调荣誉
  prizen。多指在各类竞赛或抽彩中所赢得的奖。这种将有的凭靠能力,有的凭靠运气获得。
  rewardn。v指对某人的工作或服务等的报答。
  eg。hewontheawardforthebeststudentoftheyear。
  aprizewasgiventothepersonwhohadthewinningnumber。
  thewaitresswasgiventwomoreextradolarforhergoodserves。
  l。whenpeopleadmirethemoonandgivegiftsofmooncakes。
  admirevt。钦慕,羡慕,赞美
  admiresb。forsth。因谋事而赞美仰慕某人
  admiretodosth。喜欢干谋事
  eg。don’tforgettoadmirethestudents。
  别忘了夸奖学生
  everybodyadmireshimforhisfinesenseofhumour。
  人人羡慕他那极好的幽默感。
  ijustadmiretogetletter,butidon’tadmiretoanswerit。
  我只是喜欢收信件,而不喜欢回信。
  m。thatlookingforwardtotheendofwinterandtothecomingofsping。
  lookforwardtodoingsth。
  eg。iamlookingforwardtoseeingyouagain。
  thechildrenarelookingforwardtovisitingthegreatwall。
  n。thecountryiscoveredwithcherrytreeflowerssothatitlooksasthough
  itmightbecoveredwithpinksnow
  asthoughasif引导状语从句,常常放在act,look,sound,feel,smell
  等动词后面;引导表语从句常用虚拟语气。
  eg。hebehavesasthoughnothinghashappened。
  itlooksasifitweresummeralready。
  period4usinglanguagereading
  step1。greetings
  step2。leadin:1。introductionofqiqiaojie
  (whycalledqiqiaojieandsomecustomsoftheverydayandthesadlovestory。)
  2。thefollowingstoryisamodernsadlovestory。
  step3。ssreadthequestionsgivenandreadthestorytofindtheanswers。
  step4。wordsandphrases。
  1。butshedidn’tturnup。
  turnup1)出席,来forseveralreasons,shedidn’tturnup。
  2)出现,找到thebookyouhavelostwillturnuponeday。
  3)开大音量(反义词)turndown
  turnuptheradioalittle,icanhardlyheartheprogram。
  2。toholdone’sbreath:towaitwithoutmuchhope
  eg。thegirlheldherbreathatthesightofthesnake。
  3。todrownone’ssadness:todrinkinordertoforget
  todrownone’ssorrows:借酒消愁
  4。tokeepone’sword守信用(反)tobreakone’sword失信
  eg。heisamanwhoalwayskeepshisword。
  don’tbelievehim,healwaysbreakshisword。
  5。setoff1)动身,出发tomorrowwe’llsetoffforhome。
  2)使爆炸thehumanbodybombsetoffamongthecrowd。
  6。idon’twantthemtoremindmeofher。
  remindsb。ofsth。提醒某人某事
  remindsb。todosth。提醒某人做某事
  remindsb。that
  eg。thepicturesremindmeofmyschooldays。
  remindmetobuyheragift。
  iremindedhimthathemustgohomebeforedark。
  7。forgivefor
  eg。pleaseforgivemeformybeingrude。
  step5。ssworkingroupsoffourtosummarizethestoryandasksomeofthemtotellthestoryintheirownwords。
  sample:
  thestorytookplaceinancoffeeshopwherethehero,lifang,is
  waitingforhisgirlfriend,hujin’scoming。tohisappointment,she
  didn’tturnup。thenthereisashowontv,whichtalkedaboutthesad
  lovestoryofqiqiaojie。beingheartbroken,lifangthrewawayhis
  valentine’sgifttohujin。thenhemethujinonhiswaybackhome,
  whohadbeenwaitingforhimatateashop。whatshouldhedo?
  period56discoveringusefulstuctures:modalverbs
  1。情态动词的各种语气
  1)canandcould
  jincanspeakenglishwell。(ability)
  noonecouldfinishthetestlastweek。(ability)
  theteachersaidthatwecouldnotleaveearly。(permission)
  thehuntersarelost。theycouldstarve。(possibility)
  couldyoupleaseshowmethewaytobeihaipark?(request)
  注意:表示一般能力时,can可与beableto互换,但表示过去的能力特定行为时,用waswereableto,beableto可用于各种时态,而can只能用于现在时。
  eg。hismotherwasn’tathome,sohewasabletowatchtv
  2)mayandmight
  mayweseetheawardsforteams?(permission,request)
  shemightgiveyousomenewclothing。(possibility)
  注意:1。表示许可时,用于第一人称,指我(们)被允许做某事;由于其他人称,则指说话者允许主语做某事。
  eg。wemightgoshoppinguntildark。(我们被允许)
  mothersaid:youmightgoshoppinguntildark。(说话者允许主语做某事)
  2。在用于请求许可时,may可与cancould互换
  3)willandwould
  thespringfestivalisthemostfun。thewholefamilywillcomefordinner。(agreement)
  oftenhewoulddressuplikearichman。(custom)
  wouldyouliketojoinusfordinner?(request)
  注意:would与usedto均可表示过去惯常,但是would常与过去时间状语连用,意为总是,总要;usedto与现在时间相比,意为过去常常,暗示现在已经没有了。
  eg。whenhewasthere,hewouldgotothatcoffeeshopatthecornerafterworkeveryday?
  heusedtogotothatcoffeeshopatthecornerafterworkeveryday,butnowhegoestoplaybasketball。
  4)shallandshould
  theharvestfestivalbeginsonsaturday。weshallbetherewithourfriends。(promise,agreement)
  it’snearlyfiveo’clock。thetaxishouldbeheresoon。(prodiction)
  注意:1。shall用于第一,三人称的疑问句中,表示说或者征求对方的意见,或向对方请示。
  eg。shallwegoshoppingafterschool?
  2。shouldhavedone表示过去应该做而没有做
  shouldnothavedone表示过去不用做而却做了
  5)mustandcan’t
  wangfengwinsanawardeveryyear。hemustbeverystrong。(speculation)
  youmustbejoking。thatcan’tbetrue。(guessing)
  对现在的事情进行把握较大的判断时,肯定判断用must动词原形,否定判断用can’t动词原形。
  shemustbeinthelibrary。
  shecan’tbeintheroom。
  2。modalverbshavedone
  一、情态动词动词完成式
  情态动词动词完成式即情态动词havedone分词,表示对过去行为或动作进行推测、评论或判断。
  1。musthavedone表示对过去某事的肯定猜测。其否定或疑问形式都用can(could)来表示。
  sincetheroadiswet,itmusthaverainedlastnight。
  hecan’thavemissedtheway。idrewhimamap。
  thedictionaryhasdisappeared。whocouldhavetakenit?
  当然对现在发生或将来发生的事情,要用mustdo表示猜测,否定为can’tdo。
  hemustunderstandthatwemeanbusiness。
  youmustbehungryafteralongwalk。
  2。maymighthavedone
  maymighthavedone表示推测过去某事也许发生了。may比might表示的可能性在说话人看来稍大些。例如:
  ican’tfindmykeys。imaymighthaveleftthemattheschoolyesterday。
  3。couldhavedone在肯定句型中,往往用作委婉的批评。本应该做什么,而没做;有时也用作猜测。
  youcouldhavetoldusearlier。
  tomcouldhavetakenthedictionary。
  4。oughttoshouldhavedone和oughtnottoshouldn’thavedone
  oughttoshouldhavedone和oughtnottoshouldn’thavedone用于对已发生的情况表示责备、不满,分别表示本应该和本不应该。例如:
  1)withalltheworkfinished,ishouldhavegonetothepartylastnight。
  2)yououghtnottohavemadefunofhim。heisnottheoneyoulaughatbutlearnfrom。
  5。needn’thavedone
  needn’thavedone表示过去做了某事,但没有做的必要,意为本没必要。
  youneedn’idon’thavetogotoworktoday。
  注:表示推测过去某动作发生的可能性时,就表示的可能性程度而言,must最大,could其次,may更次之,might最小。例如:
  iwonderhowtomknewaboutyourpast。
  hemustcouldmaymighthaveheardofitfrommary。
  二、情态动词动词进行式
  情态动词行为动词进行式(即情态动词bedoing形式),表示推测或评论某动作现在是否正在进行。例如:
  1)hemustbeplayingbasketballintheroom。
  2)shemaybestayingathome。
  三、情态动词动词完成进行式
  情态动词行为动词完成进行式(即情态动词havebeenving形式),表示推测或评论过去某动作是否正在进行或一直在进行。例如:
  1)theyshouldhavebeenmeetingtodiscusstheproblem。
  2)hemaymighthavebeenbuyingstampsinthepostofficewhenyousawhim。
  四、某些情态动词的特殊用法
  1。need
  考试中主要测试need作情态动词与作实义动词的区别。
  情态动词need与实义动词need在时态、肯定、否定结构上的对比见下表。
  时态情态动词need实义动词need
  现在时heneed(needn’t)do
  needhedo。?heneeds(doesn’tneed)todo
  过去时heneeded(didn’tneed)todo
  将来时heneed(needn’t)do
  needhedo。?hewill(not)needtodo
  注:need一般用于否定句或疑问句。
  2。dare
  考试中主要测试dare作情态动词和作实义动词的区别。
  情态动词dare与实义动词dare在时态、肯定、否定、疑问结构上的对比见下表。
  句型情态动词dare实义动词dare
  肯定句现在时dareto少用
  过去时dareto少用现在时daredarestodo
  过去时daredtodo
  否定句现在时daren’tdarenotdo
  过去时darednotdo现在时dodoesnotdare(to)do
  过去时didnotdare(to)do
  疑问句现在时darehedo?
  过去时daredhedo?现在时doyoudoeshedear(to)do?
  过去时didhedare(to)do
  3。can和may
  考试中主要测试can,may或could,might表示可能性的区别及对may构成的疑问句的回答。
  (1)can,could,may,might都可以表示可能性。can,could表示潜在的可能性或理论上或逻辑判断上存在的可能性;而may,might则表示事实上的可能性。此外,can还具有有能力的意思,而may与might则不具此意。例如:
  accordingtotheweatherforecast,itmayraintomorrow。
  anymanwithalittlesensecanseethatheiswrong。
  (2)mayiwe?这一类疑问句的肯定回答为yes,please。或否定回答为pleasedon’t。或no,youmustn’t。例如:
  mayweleavenow?no,youmustn’t。youhaven’tfinishedyourhomeworkyet。
  4。can和beableto
  can与beableto都可以表示能力,但两者在用法上有点差异:can(could)表示主观能力,不表示意愿,它的将来时用beableto表示主观意愿,强调要克服困难去做某事。例如:
  1)mygrandmaisoverseventy,butshecanstillreadwithoutglasses。
  2)heisabletogiveuphisbadhabits。
  5。must和haveto
  must和haveto都可以表示必须,但有几点区别:
  (1)must强调内在的职责、义务,而haveto强调外界压力、不得已而为之。
  (2)haveto可用于多种时态,而must一般用于现在时,其过去时与将来时分别由hadto与shallwillhaveto代替。
  (3)在回答must引起的问题时,如果是否定的答复,不能用mustn’t,而要用needn’t或don’thaveto,因为mustn’t是一定不要、一定不能的意思。例如:
  1)youmustcometotheclassroombeforeeight。
  2)itisraininghardoutside,butihavetoleavenow。
  3)mustwedoitnow?no,youneedn’t。
  6。usedtodo,beusedtodoing和beusedtodo
  (1)usedtov意为过去常常,过去一直;beusedtovingn(名词)意为习惯于;beusedtov意为被用来(做某事)。
  (2)usedto只表示过去,而beusedtovingn可表示现在、过去或将来。例如:
  1)heusedtosmoke。nowhedoesn’t。
  2)he’squiteusedtohardworkworkinghard。
  3)theknifeisusedtocutbread。
  7用作情态动词的其他短语
  wouldrather,wouldsooner,would(just)assoon,hadrather,hadbetter,hadsooner,cannotbut,may(just)aswell等可用作情态动词。例如:
  1)thesoldierwouldsoonerdiethansurrender。
  2)thebravesoldierwouldassoondieasyieldtosuchanenemy。
  3)i’dratherwalkthantakeabus。
  4)ifyoudon’tliketoswim,youmayjustaswellstayathome。
  注:这些短语后一般直接跟动词原形。would(had)rather,would(had)sooner,would(just)assoon后可跟that引导的从句,that常省去,从句要用虚拟语气。对现在和将来的假设用过去时,对过去的假设用过去完成时。例如:
  1)iwouldratheryoucameonsunday。
  2)iwouldsooneryouhadn’tasked
  period7listeningandexercise
  step1listeningaboutcarvals
  1。introductionofcarnivals:
  狂欢节(carnival),世界上不少国家都有狂欢节。这个节日起源于欧洲的中世纪。古希腊和古罗马的木神节、酒神节都可以说是其前身。有些地区还把它称之为谢肉节和忏悔节。该节日曾与复活节有密切关系。复活节前有一个为期40天的大斋期,即四旬斋(lent)。斋期里,人们禁止娱乐,禁食肉食,反省、忏悔以纪念复活节前3天遭难的耶稣,生活肃穆沉闷,于是在斋期开始的前3天里,人们会专门举行宴会、舞会、游行,纵情欢乐,故有狂欢节之说。如今已没有多少人坚守大斋期之类的清规戒律,但传统的狂欢活动却保留了下来,成为人们抒民对幸福和自由向往的重要节日。
  欧洲和南美洲地区的人们都庆祝狂欢节。但各地庆祝节日的日期并不相同,一般来说大部分国家都在2月中下旬举行庆祝活动。各国的狂欢节都颇具特色,但总的来说,都是以毫无节制的纵酒饮乐著称。其中最负盛名的要数巴西的狂欢节。
  2。letssreadthequestionsonpage6。
  3。havesslistenonceandmakenotesbesidethequertions。
  4。havethemwritetheiranswersandcheckthemwithapartner。
  5。checktheanswerswiththeclass。
  step2doingexerciseleft。
  period8
  step1。dictationforthenewofunit1
  step2。listeninoftheeasterintheworkbook。
  1。introductionofeaster
  mostenglishholidayshaveareligiousorigin。easterdayoccursonthefirstsundayafterthefullmoonfollowingthespringequinox〔1〕。itisoriginallythedaytocommemoratetheresurrectionofjesuschrist。butnowformostpeople,easterisasecularspringholiday,whileforthechildren,itmeans,morethananythingelse,eastereggsorchocolateeggs!oneastersundaymorning,thebreakfasteggsareboiledinseveralpansinsomefamilies。eachcontainingadifferentvegetabledye,sothatwhentheyareservedtheshellsarenolongerwhiteorpalebrownincolor,butyelloworpink,blueorgreen。thedyesdonotpenetrate〔2〕theshellofcourse。eastereggsaremeanttogiveenjoymentandtheydo!theyareprettyanddecorative,theysignalgoodwishesandsharedhappinessinthechangingseasons。
  2。listentothepassageandfindtheanswerstoallthequestions。
  unit2。healthyeating
  1。topics:balanceddietandnutrition
  2。wordsandexpressions
  3。functions:
  1)suggestionsandadvice
  whatshouldido?
  isupposeyouhadbetter
  perhapsyoushould
  doyouthinkyoucouldgivemesomeadvice?
  2)seeingdoctors
  what’sthematter?what’swrong?
  whatseemstobethetrouble?
  howlonghaveyoubeenlikethis?
  3)agreementanddisagreement。
  idon’tagree。ofcausenot。idon’tthinkso。
  allright。that’sagoodidea。
  noproblem。certainlysure
  yes,ithinkso。i’mafraidnot。
  4。gramma:theuseofoughtto
  yououghttocookfreshvegetablesandmeatwithouttoomuchfat
  ifyouwanttostayslim。
  yououghtnottoeatthesamekindoffoodateverymeal。
  period1。
  step1。warmingup
  1。doyoueatahealthydiet?whatkindoffooddoyouusuallyhaveformeals?arethefoodyouusuallyeathealthyfoodorunhealthyfood?(discussinpairs)
  2。namesomehealthyfoodandunhealthyfood。
  healthyfoodunhealthyfood。
  allvegetables:cabbages,fattyfood:frenchfries
  pepperstomatoespotatoescreamroastporklamb
  allfruits:apples,grapessugaryfood:chocolate
  strawbariesbananaspearssweetshoneyicecream
  dairyproducts:milkcheesesaltyfood:canbiscuit
  seafood:shrimpcookies
  tofueggs
  3。doyouknowthatthefoodyoueathelpsyougrowindifferentways?somewillmakeyoufattallthin。lookatthecharmbelow,andseewhichkindoffoodthey。
  foodtogiveyouenergyfoodtogrowbones
  andmusclefoodsthatfibrefor
  digestionandhealth
  fastenergyfoodslowenergyfoodbodybuildingfoodprotectivefoods
  ricesugar
  noodlespotatoes
  spaghettibread
  corndumplingsbuttercream
  oilshamnuts
  friedbreadstick
  friedcakechipsdairyproducts:
  milkcheese
  meateggstofu
  seafoodshrimpallvegetables(eg。beans,
  cucumbers,mushrooms,peas,
  cabbage,)allfruit(pears
  apples,peaches,oranges,)
  questions:
  1。whichofthesegroupsoffooddoyoulikebest?
  2。whichofthemdoyoueatmostoften?
  3。doyouthinkweshouldeateachkindoffood?
  3。whatwillhappenifyoudonoteatabalanceddiet?
  toomuchfattysugarysaltyfoodwillcausemanydiseasesandgettoofat。
  onlyprotectivefoodwillfeelweak,noenergyandgettoothin。
  step2。prereading
  1。discussthequestionsinthechart。(whichfoodcontainsmore)
  2。orderthefollowingfoodfromwhichcontainsmostfattowhichcontainsless。
  answer:icecream,eggs,chicken,rice,peaches
  step3fastreadingandanswerthefollowingquestions
  1。whatdoeswangpengwei’srestaurantserve?
  2。whataboutyonghui’srestaurant?
  step4intensivereadingandfindtheanswerstocomprehending。
  period2languagepoints
  step1。leadin:listentothetapetogetabetterunderstanding。
  step2。languagepoints
  1。wangpengweisatinhisemptyrestaurantfeelingveryfrustrated。
  feelingveryfrustrated现在分词在句中作伴随状语
  eg。shesatonthechairreadinganewspaper。(表伴随)
  walkinginthestreet,shemetheroldfriend。(表时间)
  seeingnobodyathome,shedecidedtoeatoutside。(表原因)
  thechildfell,strikinghisheadagainsttheground。(表结果)
  2。hisrestaurantoughttobefullofpeople。
  oughtto1)toshowamoralduty表示一种道义上的责任,应该
  eg。sheoughttolookafterherchildbetter。
  yououghttostudyhardtogetahighmark。
  2)oughttohavedone表示本应该,而却没有
  eg。yououghttohavecomeyesterday。
  3。hethoughtofhismuttonkebabs,fattyporkcookedinthehottestoil。过去分词短语作后置定语,表被动。
  whichwerecookedinthehottestoil。
  eg。theflowerspickedbyhimareverybeautiful。
  4。nothingcouldhavebeenbetter。比较级与否定词连用表示最高级。
  allhisfoodcouldhavebeenthebest。
  eg。ihaveneverseenabetterfilm。
  thereisnothingilikesomuchasplayingfootball。
  5。pengweifollowedmaochangintoanewlyopenedsmallrestaurant
  newlyopened副词加动词过去式的合成形容词,合成词常见结构有:
  1)adv。p。pwellknownnewlybuilt
  2)adj。n。edwarmheartedgoodtempered
  3)num。n。edfourstoriedthreelegged
  4)adj。vinggoodlookingeasygoing
  5)n。vingpeacelovingenergygivingbodybuilding
  6)n。p。pheartfelt(由衷的)manmade
  7)adj。p。pnewbornreadymade(现成的)
  8)n。adj。dutyfree(免税的)carefree(无忧无虑的)
  6。tiredofallthatfat?
  tiredof厌烦的heistiredofdoingthesamethingallyearround。
  tiredout筋疲力尽iwastiredoutwhenifinallyreachthetopofthemountain。
  tiredfrom因而疲倦iwasverytiedfromrunningfast。
  7。iwilltakeallthatfatoffyouintwoweeksifyoueathereeveryday。
  takeoff脱掉,除掉(vt。),起飞(vi。)
  eg。don’ttakeoffyourcoat,it’scoldoutside。
  theplanetookoffdespitethefog。
  8。hecouldn’thaveyonghuigettingawaywithtellingpeoplelies!
  1)havesb。doingsth。允许谋事发生,尤用于否定句中
  eg。mrzhangwon’thavehisdaughterarrivinghomeafter12o’clock。
  iwon’thaveyousayingso!
  havesb。dosth。使某人做某事,不定式作宾语补足语,省略to
  eg。thebosshastheclerksworkuntillateintheevening。
  havesth。done请别人做某事。
  eg。myhairisquitelong,imusthaveitcut。
  2)getawaywithsth。
  a)不因谋事而受惩罚。eg。iwon’thaveyougettingawaywithcheatingintheexam。
  b)偷携某物潜逃。eg。therobbersrobbedthebankandgotawaywithalotofmoney。
  c)收到较轻的惩罚。eg。hewassoluckytogetawaywithafineforsuchaseriousmistake。
  step3。ssreadthepassagetogether
  period3。usinglanguagereading:comeandeathere(2)
  step1。leadin
  t:asweknow,wangpengweiandyonghuihosttwodifferentstylesofrestaurants,andyonghui’sslimmingrestaurantattractedallthecustomersfromwangpengwei’s。pengweiwasveryangryanddecidedtodoaresearchtocompeteagainstyonghui。whatcouldthecompetitionbeon?
  step2。ssreadthepassagewithin5minutesandanswerthequestionsgiven。
  question:howdotheyprovideabalancedmenu?
  step3。languagepoints
  1。perhashewouldbeabletoearnhislivingafterallandnothavetoclosehisrestaurant。
  earnone’slivingbylivebymakealivingby靠谋生
  eg。heearnedhislivingbybeggingfromdoortodoor。
  2。hedidn’tlookforwardtobeingindebtbecausehisrestaurantwasnolongerpopular。
  beindebt欠债。
  beoutofdebt还清债务。
  beinsb。’sdebt欠某人人情。
  eg。savingmylife,iamforeverinyourdebt。
  3。shedidn’tlookhappybutglaredathimasshemovedroundthecustomers。
  glareat怒视,带有敌意
  eg。howcouldyoudothat?hesaid,glaringathismother。
  glanceat扫视
  eg。heglancedathiswatchandleftinahurry。
  stareat张大眼睛死死地盯着
  eg。shestaredathiminsurprise。
  4。yonghuiagreedtostayandsoontheywerebothenjoyingthedumplings,fattyporkandcola。
  agreeto(do)sth。表示同意某事或某建议,后只能跟表提议,计划,方案,打算,安排的名词。
  eg。heagreedtotheirproposal。
  heagreedtogetsomeonetohelpus。
  agreewithsb。同意某人
  eg。iagreewitheverywordyousaid。
  agreeonsth。表示在某事上取得一致的意见
  eg。theyagreedonadateforthenextmeeting。
  5。butdon’tyouthinkitwouldbebetterifyouwereabitthinner?
  虚拟语气,表示与现在事实相反的假设时,条件状语从句的谓语动词用过去式(be用were),而主句的谓语动词用would(should,could,might)动词原形。例如:
  ifiwereyou,ishouldstudyenglishbetter。
  ifhehadtime,hewouldattendthemeeting。
  6。myresearchhasshownmethatneitheryourrestaurantnormineoffersabalanceddiet。
  neithernor既不也不
  1)引导并列主语时,谓语的数于最靠近谓语的主语保持一致
  eg。neitherthestudentsnortheteacherhassufferedfromthefirewiththetimelyhelpofthefirefighters。
  2)引导两个分句时,这两个分句中的主谓均要倒装。
  eg。neitherdoiknowheraddress,nordoeshe。
  neithercouldthepatienteat,norcouldhedrink。
  period4listening
  step1。listeninginusinglanguageonpage14
  1。t:weallknowthatbeforewangpengweiandyonghuicombinedthetworestaurantsintoone,theycompetedagainsteachotherfiercely。whatmadewangpengweihavetheideatocooperatewithyonghui?let’slistentothetapeandthenfillinthecharts。
  2。ssreadthechartsandlistentothetape。
  3。possibleanswers
  energygivingfoodsbodybuildingfoodsprotectivefoods
  ricenoodlesnutsmeatfruit
  butters,etcfishvegetables
  tofu
  ownerofrestaurantproblemswithfoodsofferedfoodstobeoffered
  wangpengweitoomuchfatmoreprotectivefood
  yonghuinotenoughfatmoreenergygivingandbodybuildingfood
  whatiswangpengwei’ssuggestionforsolvingtheproblem?
  wangpengweithoughttheyshouldworktogetherandmakeabettermenu。
  step2。listeningonpage48
  1。whatarethecoloursoftrafficlights?
  redorangegreen
  2。wealsohavesuchcoloursoffoods,whatarethey?listentothetapetogettheanswers。
  redfoods:stop
  (onlyalittle)orangefoods:becareful
  (someeveryday)greenfoods:go
  (moreeveryday)
  butterbreadfreshfruit
  creamnoodlesvegetables
  nutsrice
  cakeseggs
  foodsfriedinfattofu
  meatfish
  period5。exerciseleftandcheckingtheanswersofbestenglish
  unit3themillionpoundbanknote
  period1。
  step1。warmingup
  1。whatdoyouknowabouttheamericanwritermarktwain?
  2。doyouknowanyofhiswork?canyounamesome?
  t:showthepictureofmarktwainandhaveanintroductionofhim,thenletthestudentsreadaboutmarktwainonpage23,andfillinthefollowingchart。
  realnameofmarktwainsamuellanghorneclemens
  dateofbirth1835
  namesofthreeofhisfamousstoriestheadventureoftomsawyer
  theadventureofhuckleberryfinn
  lifeonthemississippi
  step2。prereading
  1。arichmangivesyoualargeamountofmoneytouseasyoulike。whatwillyoudowithit?whu?
  2。haveyouevermadeabetwithafriend?ifso,whatdidyoubeton?howdidyoufeelaboutthebetafteritwaswonoflost?
  betn。makehaveabet打赌
  winloseabet打赌赢输了accepttakeupabet同意打赌
  betv。beton
  eg。mrblackspentallhismoneybettingonborses。
  ibet(informal)i’mcertain我肯定
  eg。ibethehasgoneswimminghelovesit。
  3。haveyoueverreadthestorythemillionpoundbanknote?haveyouseenthemovie?ifso,whatdidyouthinkofit?
  4。lookatpage31ofbestenglishtoseetheintroductionofthemillionpoundbanknote。
  step3。fastreadingandanswerthefollowingquestions
  1。howdidhenrycometoengland?
  2。whydidhelandinbritain?
  3。wheredidhenryworkbefore?
  4。whydidthetwogentlemengivehimtheenvelope?
  5。whencanheopenit?
  step4。readthepassageonceagaincarefullytodothecomprehendingexercise。
  step5。takerolestoreadtheplay
  period2。intensivereading
  step1。languagepoints
  1。beaboutto即将做某事
  eg。asiwasabouttolockthedoorwhenyouappeared。
  beto按照命令或安排即将发生或将做的事
  eg。tellhernottobebacklate。
  2。1)permitsb。todosth。allowsbtodosth
  eg。hermotherwouldnotpermithertocomehomelate。
  辨析:permit含有积极同意某人做某事,多用于正式场合,不和副词连用
  allow含有听任或默许某人做某事,可和副词连用
  eg。willyoupermitmetosayafewwords?
  marywouldn’tallowmein。
  2)permitsth。doingsth。许可,荣许某事存在发生
  eg。lovecannotpermitathirdperson。
  wedon’tpermitsmokingintheoffice。
  3。incredible(adj。)
  1)难以置信的,不可思议的,惊人的,奇异的。
  eg。sallyearnsanincredibleamountofmoneyinthecompany。
  thegateshadanincredibleholidayingreece。
  2)不可相信的。
  eg。theytoldusanincrediblestory!
  adv。incredibly
  incrediblyhotweather极热的天气
  incredibly,noonehadeverthoughtofsuchasimpleideabefore。
  4。iwonder,mradams,ifyoumindusaskingafewquestions?
  iwonderifwhether不知您是否
  ifyoumindusaskingifyoumindourasking
  名词所有格形容词性物主代词doing为动名词(ing)的复合结构,该结构在句中能作主语,表语和宾语。
  eg。sophia’shavingseenthemdidnotsurprisedus。(主语)
  excusemyinterruptingyou。(宾语)
  whatworriedthechildwashisnotbeingallowedtoseehismotherinthehospital。(表语)
  5。‘anditwastheshipthatbroughtyoutoengland。’
  强调句式,itiswas被强调部分that其他
  eg。itwasinthisroomthatluxunoncelived。
  wasitbecausehismotherwasillthathedidn’tgotoschool?
  whenwasitthattheclubwassetup?
  6。accountfor:betheexplanationofsth。;explainthecauseofsth。
  eg。hisillnessaccountsforhisabsence。
  pleaseaccountforyourownconduct。
  step2。readtheplaycarefullyonceagaintofindoutwhatsortofpersoneachpersonisaccordingtotheirwordsandstagedirections。
  charactorsactionswordsprovehimtobea
  oliver
  rodrick
  henry
  servant
  step3。actingouttheplayingroupsoffour。
  period3。readingandactingactone,scene4
  step1。listentothetapeandanswerthefollowingquestions。
  1。whatdidhenryhaveformeal?
  2。couldtherestaurantchangehismoney?why?
  step2。readtheplaywhilelisteningtothetapetogetabetterunderstanding。
  step3。languagepoints
  step4。ssactthescene4out。
  period4talkingandlisteningintheworkbook。
  unit4astronomy:thescienceofthestars
  period1grammarpoints。
  一语法要点
  主语从句:在复合句中作主句的主语的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的词有连词that,连接代词who,what,连接副词when,where,how,why等。
  eg:whichteamwillwinthematchisstillunknown。
  主语从句放在句首,句子常显得笨重,因此一般把它放到句子后面,前面用引导词it来作主语。
  eg:it’sstrangethathedidn’tcomeyesterday。
  二重点难点
  1nobodyknewthatitwasgoingtobedifferentfromotherplanetsgoingtobedifferentfromotherplanetsgoingroundthesun。
  goingroundthesun为现在分词短语定语,表示一般的动作。
  eg:menbreakingthelawwillbepunished。
  现在分词短语,也可表示进行的动作
  2。weatherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved。
  formillionsofyearstocome中不定式tocome作定语,与前面的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系。
  eg:sheisthelastpersontotelllies。
  3theproblemwasthattheearthbecameviolentbecauseitwasnotclearwhetherthesolidshapewastolastornot。
  theproblemwasthat,that引导表语从句,that只起连接作用,无意义,但不能省略。
  eg:thetroubleisthatweareshortofmoney。
  4astheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface。
  asconj。随着,在期间;由于,因为;尽管,即使;当的时候;像一样
  5。thatmadeitpossibleforlifetobegintodevelop。
  it是形式主语,真正的主语是不定式tobegintodevelop。
  eg:hethinksit’shisdutytohelpothers。
  三功能句型
  指示(introductions)
  pleaselookatlistentopleasepayattentionto。。。
  pleasecheckthatmakesureyou
  don’tforgettowatchoutfor
  youneedyou’dbetter
  youmustmustn’t
  四。重点单词及短语
  单词
  atmospheren。大气,空气,气氛
  afriendlyatmosphere友好的气氛
  atmosphericadj。大气的,有气氛的
  violentadj。剧烈的,厉害的;(人)暴戾的;(感情、言语)激昂的,激烈的
  violencen。剧烈,暴行
  violentlyadv。激烈地,粗暴地
  solidadj。n。固体的;实质的;纯粹的;结实宾;牢靠的,稳固的
  explodevt。vi。爆炸,使爆炸;感情爆发;驳倒,推翻
  explosionn。爆发,爆炸
  explosiveadj。爆炸性的,爆发性的
  surfacen。外表,表面;adj。表面的,外表的;vt。vi。浮出水面,给装上表面
  dissolvevt。vi。使溶解,溶解;解散,消除,解除
  dissolutionn。解散,溶解
  harmfuladj。有害的
  harmn。v。危害,伤害
  harmlessadj。无害的
  harmlessnessn。无害,无恶意,天真无邪
  harmfullyadv。有害地
  harmlesslyadv。无害地
  spreadvt。vi。n。(使)张开,伸展,扩张;涂;散布,传播;(使)蔓延
  existvi。在,存在,生存
  existencen。存在;生活,生存
  massn。团,块,堆,众多,大量;pl。群众,民众;质量
  短语
  intime迟早,最后intimeforsth。todosth。及时,不迟
  preventfrom阻止某人做某事(from有时可省略,但在被动说现语态中不能省)
  dependonupsth。依靠,指望;相信;取决于
  cheerup使某人高兴或更快乐
  nowthat既然,由于
  breakout突然发生,逃出某地
  makesenseof理解,弄懂,有道理,有意义,理智的
  unit5canadathetruenorth
  period1warmingupandreading1
  1。teachingaims:
  1。talkingaboutcanada。
  2。learnthegeography,population,maincities,andnaturalbeauty,naturalresourcesofcanada。
  3。learnhowtoreadatravelingreportandpictures。
  2。teachingaids:acomputer,aprojectandpictures。
  3。teachingsteps:
  step1。warmingup。
  1。ssdiscussthefollowingquestions。
  1)doyouliketogotraveling?
  2)whichcountriesdoyouliketovisit?why?
  3)whatcanyouseeinthesecountries?
  2。tshowssomepicturesofwinterandinvitessstodescribethem。
  3。getsstotalkwhattheyknowaboutcanada。
  4。tshowsamapofcanadaandasks:1。whichcontinentiscanadain?
  2。whichcountryisitsneighbor?
  3。whataretheoceanscanadafaces?
  4。howlargeiscanada?
  4。haveaquiz。
  step2。prereading。
  t:wouldyouliketotakeatriptocanada?
  whatthreewordswouldyouusetodescribecanada?
  step3reading
  1。shimming:
  getsstoreadthepassagequicklyandanswerthefollowingquestions:
  1)whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
  sample:thepassageisaboutatripoftwogirls,andittellsussomeinformationaboutcanada。
  2)whatistheturenorth?
  sample:thetruenorthisthetrainthatgoesacrosscanadathecrosscanadatrain。
  3)howmanycitiesarementionedinthetext?whatarethey?
  sample:vancouvercalgarythunderbaytoronto
  4)whatdoyouknowabouteachcity?
  vancouver:
  themostbeautifulcityincanada
  thetreesareextremelytall。
  theoldestandmostbeautifulforestsintheworld
  calgary:
  famousforstampede
  cowboyscometocompeteinridingwildhorses。
  goodatworkingwithanimals
  theycanwinalotofmoneyinprizes。
  thunderbay:
  verybusyport
  closetothecentreofthecountry,sothatoceanshipscangothere。
  2。detailedreading:
  1)getsstoreadthepassageagainandcorrectthefollowingsentences。
  1。thegirlswenttocanadatoseetheirrelativesinmontreal。
  (intheeastofcanadaontheatlanticcoastofcanada)
  2。dannylinwasgoingtodrivethemtovancouver。
  (thetrainstationtocatchthecrosscanadatrain)
  3。youcancrosscanadainlessthanfivedaysbybicycle。
  (can’t)
  4。thegirlslookedoutthewindowsandsawnativeindiansandcowboys。
  (agrizzlybear,mountaingoatsandwildscenery)
  5。thunderbayisaportcityinthesouthofcanada,neartoronto。
  (atthetopendofthegreatlakes,nearthecenterofthecountry)
  2)listentothetapeandfillintheblanksfromthetext。
  canadaisthantheunitedstates。itisthelargestcountryintheworld。itiskilometersfromcoasttocoastincanada。thepopulationofcanadaisonlyslightlyover。canadahasoftheworld’sfreshwater,muchofwhichisinthe。onthecoastnorthofvancouversomeoftheoldestandmostbeautifulintheworldstillremain。itissowettherethatthetreesareextremely。
  period2languagepoints:
  1。canadaisamulticulturalcountrylikechina。加拿大像中国一样是一个多元化国家。
  multistory多层的multiform多种形式的
  multichannel多通话线路的,多波段的multipurpose多种用途的
  多党的multiparty多国的、多民族的multinational
  多向的multidirectional多彩的,彩色的multicolored
  多媒体multimedia
  2。lidaiyuandhercousinliuqianwereonatriptocanadatovisittheircousinsontheatlanticcoast。李黛予和她的表妹刘倩去加拿大大西洋海岸看望她们的表兄妹们。
  trip:usuallyshortjourney,esp。forpleasure(通常指短途的)行走,旅行(尤指娱乐性的)
  与trip搭配的主要动词和介词:beonatripto
  makeatriptotakeatripto
  海滨之行atriptotheseaside
  前往巴黎的蜜月之旅ahoneymoontriptoparis
  他出差在外。heisonabusinesstrip
  我父亲下礼拜要到纽约去。
  myfatherwillmakeatriptonewyorknextweek
  3。ratherthantaketheaeroplanealltheway,theydecidedtoflyfromchinatovancouverandtotakethetrainfromwesttoeastacrosscanadainseptember。
  ratherthan(prep。):inpreferenceto(sbsth);insteadof与其(某人某物);不愿;不要
  他不愿惹麻烦,宁可离去。ratherthancausetrouble,heleft。
  我想喝柠檬汁,不想喝可乐。
  i’llhavealemonaderatherthanacoke。
  他正忙于写信而不是读报。
  hewasbusywritingaletterratherthanreadinganewspaper。
  4。itisthesecondbiggestcountryintheworldandasyougoeastward,youwillseemountains,andpassbythousandsoflakes,forestsandwideriversaswellascities。它是世界第二大国家,当你一路向东行时,除了城市你还会看到山脉,会经过上千个湖泊,森林,大河等以及城市。
  eastward也作eastwards,副词,意为向东
  ward(s)inadirection
  向前foreward(s)向后backward(s)
  向外outward(s)向南southward(s)
  向西westward(s)向北northward(s)
  他们向东航行。theysailedeastward
  我们难以决定是向东走还是向西走。
  wecouldn’tdecidewhethertogoeastwardorwestward
  thousandsof成千上万的
  注意:million,billion,thousand,hundred,score,dozen之前有确定的数字时,不论后面是有无of,词尾都不加s。
  如果前面没有确定的数字而后接of时,词尾都加s。
  300名学生threehundredstudents
  这些鸡蛋里的3打threedozenoftheseeggs
  几打鸡蛋dozensofeggs
  5。manypeoplethinkitisthemostbeautifulcityincanada,asitissurroundedbymountainsonthenorthandeastandthepacific。许多人都认为温哥华是加拿大最美丽的城市,因为它的北面和东面都被大山包围。
  surroundvt。包围,环绕,围绕
  surroundsbsthwithsbsth
  sthsbbesourroundedbywithsth
  篱笆环绕着学校。thefencesurroundstheschool
  他们出动了军队包围了该城。theyhavesurroundedthetownwithtroops。
  房子的四周有高墙。thehouseissurroundedbyhighwalls。
  6。onthecoastnorthofvancouversomeoftheoldestandmostbeautifulforestsintheworldstillremain。温哥华以北的海岸依然生长着世界上最古老,最美丽的森林。
  northoftothenorth表示在的北方,其他方位词,如:east,west,south,southeast,northeast等,都有类似的用法。
  他住在洛杉矶以东(的地方)。
  helivestotheeastoflosangeles
  7。thatafternooninthetrainthecousinssettleddownintheirseats。那天下午表姐妹俩才在火车上落了座。
  settledown安稳坐下,安居下来,适应起来
  他爷爷手拿报纸坐在扶手椅里。
  hisgrandfathersettleddowninthearmchairwithanewspaper。
  你适应新工作了吗?haveyousettleddowninyournewjobyet?
  8。manyofthemhaveagiftforworkingwithanimalsandtheycanwinthousandsofdollarsinprizes。他们中许多人都有与兽共舞的才能,他们能赢得几千美元的奖金。
  haveagiftfor在。。方面有天分;有天赋
  她对学语言有天赋。shehasagiftforlearninglanguages。
  好像他对音乐有些天赋。itseemshehasagiftformusic。
  period3learningaboutlanguage
  step1:checktheanswersofexercise1onpage36
  multimanymeanings
  multicolouredmadeofmanycolours
  multichannelhavingmanychannels
  multiformexistinginmanyforms
  multinationalincludingmanynations
  multistoreyhavingmanystoriesstoreys
  multimediausingmanymedia
  multitrackmadeofmanytracks
  multifaithincludingmanyreligionsfaiths
  multimembermadeofmanymemberspeople
  ward(s)inadirectionmeanings
  forward(s)ahead,tothefront
  eastward(s)totheeast
  westward(s)tothewest
  southward(s)tothesouth
  backward(s)totheback
  outward(s)out,inadirectionaway
  northward(s)tothenorth
  inward(s)totheinside
  toward(s)inadirectionto
  step2:checktheanswersofexercise2onpage36
  extremely、haveagiftfor、settledown、coast
  surround、harbour、figureout、port、within
  step3:checktheanswersofexercise3onpage36
  figureout、harbour、within、border、agiftfor
  settleddown、surrounded、extremely
  step4appositiveclause
  t。whatkindofnounclausesarethey?
  1。whatitwastobecomewasamystery。(主语从句)
  2。idon’tknowwhowillhelphenrytowinthebet。(宾语从句)
  3。histroubleisthathedoesn’tknowanybodyinlondon。
  (表语从句)
  4。thefactthatshipscangotheresurprisesmanypeople。
  (同位语从句)
  period4grammarpionts
  同位语从句讲义及练习
  一、理解同位语从句的含义,把握同位语从句的实质
  在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般用that,whether,what,which,who,when,where,why,how等词引导,常放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,wish,promise,answer,evidence,report,explanation,suggestion,conclusion,等抽象名词后面,说明该名词的具体内容。换言之,同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系,对其内容作进一步说明。
  例:thenewsthattheyhadwonthegamesoonspreadoverthewholeschool。他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。
  析:theyhadwonthegame说明thenews的全部内容,因此该句为同位语从句。
  二、正确运用同位语从句的引导词,准确把握同位语从句
  1。如同位语从句意义完整,应用that引导同位语从句。(即that不充当任何成分,只起连接作用)
  例:thegeneralgavetheorderthatthesoldiersshouldcrosstheriveratonce。将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。
  析:thesoldiersshouldcrosstheriveratonce是theorder的全部内容,且意义完整,因此应用that引导同位语从句。
  2。如同位语从句意义不完整,需增加是否的含义,应用whether引导同位语从句。(if不能引导同位语从句)
  例:welldiscusstheproblemwhetherthesportsmeetingwillbeheldontime。我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。
  析:thesportsmeetingwillbeheldontime意义不完整,应加是否的含义才能表达theproblem的全部内容,因此应用whether引导同位语从句。
  3。如同位语从句意义不完整,需增加什么时候、什么地点、什么方式等含义,应用when,where,how等词引导同位语从句。
  例1:ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback。
  析:hewillbeback意义不完整,应加什么时候的含义才能表达idea的全部内容,因此应用when引导同位语从句。
  例2:ihavenoimpressionhowhewenthome,perhapsbybike。
  析:hewenthome意义不完整,应加如何的含义才能表达impression的全部内容,因此应用how引导同位语从句。
  4。当主句的谓语较短,而同位语从句较长时,同位语从句常后肢。
  如:thethoughtcametohimthatmaybetheenemyhadfledthecity。他突然想到敌人可能已经逃出城了。
  三、把握同位语从句和定语从句的区别,明确同位语从句和相似从句的界限
  同位语从句和定语从句相似,都放在某一名词或代词后面,但同位语从句不同于定语从句。同位语从句对名词加以补充说明,是名词全部内容的体现,且名词和同位语从句的引导词均不在从句中作成分;定语从句说明先行词的性质与特征,与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系,且名词和定语从句的引导词均在从句中作成分。
  区分时可以在先行词与与从句之间加一个系动词be,使之构成一个新句子,如果句子通顺且符合逻辑,则为同位语从句,反之,则为定语从句。
  如:thereportthathewasgoingtoresignwasfalse。
  他将辞职的传闻是假的。
  因为thereportwasthathewasgoingtoresign句意通顺,所以,thathewasgoingtoresign是同位语从句。
  例1:informationhasbeenputforwardmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities。(nmetXX上海)
  a。whileb。thatc。whend。as
  析:答案为b。moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities是information的内容,且information不在从句中作成分,所以该句为同位语从句。应将该句区别于:
  itissaidthatmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities,thisistheinformationhasbeenputforward。
  a。whatb。thatc。whend。as
  析:答案为b。thathasbeenputforward为information的修饰性定语,且information在从句中作主语,所以该句为定语从句。
  例2:sheheardaterriblenoise,broughtherheartintohermouth。(met91)
  a。itb。whichc。thisd。that
  析:答案为b。分析语境含义、句子结构和句子成分可知,该句为非限制性定语从句,先行词为aterriblenoise,且它在从句中作主语。应将该句区别于:
  icantstandtheterriblenoisesheiscryingloudly。
  a。itb。whichc。thisd。that
  析:答案为d。sheiscryingloudly是theterriblenoise的内容,且theterriblenoise不在从句中作成分,所以该句为同位语从句。
  period5‘thetruenorth’fromtorontotomontreal
  step1。leadin:showsomepicturesofcanada,andasksdoyouknowthefollowingthingsincanada?
  step2。ssreadthepassagewithin3minutestofillinthefollowingplot。
  thenextmorningtheysawbeautifulmapleleaves
  andrealizedthatfallhadcome
  aroundnoontheyarrivedintoronto
  latethatnightthetrainleft
  atdawnthenext
  morningtheyarrivedinmontreal
  theyspentthe
  afternooninthelovelyshopandandvisitingartists
  intheirworkshopsbesidethewater
  thenightthetrainwasspeedingdowntotheeastcoast
  step。3:readthepassageforasecondtimeandanswerthefollowingquestions。
  1。howdoweknowitisfallincanada?
  2。whatcansometimesbeseenfromthecntowerintoronto?
  3。wheredoesthewaterfromthelakego?
  4。whyistheregoodcantonesefoodintorono?
  5。whichdirectionisthetraingoingfromtorono?
  6。whydidthegirlsgotooldmontreal?
  7。whatthreethingsshowusthatmontrealisafrenchcity?
  step4languagepoints
  1。theywerenotleavingformontrealuntillater。
  notuntil表示直到才,常与表示瞬间的动词连用。如:
  我们直到今天晚上才离开。
  wedonotleaveuntilthisevening。
  街上的吵闹声直到深夜才停止。
  thenoiseinthestreetdidntstopuntilmidnight。
  2。it’stoobadyoucan’tgoasfarasottawa,canada’scapital。
  遗憾的时你们不能一直走到加拿大的首都渥太华去。
  asfaras(习语)直到所提到之处为止
  我一直走到山脚。
  iwalkedasfarasthefootofthemountain。
  莎拉已经读到第四册啦。
  sarahhasreadasfarasthefourthvolume。
  3。thegirltoldhimtheywereonatraintripacrossthecanadaandthattheyhadonlyonedayinmontreal。
  一个动词若带两个宾语从句,第二个宾语从句的引导词that一般不能省,例如:
  iunderstandnotonlythatyouhavestudiedchinesebutalsothatyouhavewrittenchinesepoetry。
  book4unit1womenofachievement
  teachinggoals教学目标
  1targetlanguage目标语言
  a。重点词汇
  achieve,achievement,condition,welfare,institute,connection,campaign,organization,specialist,behave,behavior,worthwhile,nest,observe,observation,respect,argue,entertainment,inspire,support,devote。。。to
  b。重点句子
  watchingafamilyofchimpswakeupisourfirstactivityoftheday。p2
  everybodysitsandwaitswhiletheanimalsinthegroupbegintowakeupandmove。p2
  buttheeveningmakesitallworthwhile。p2
  。。。weseethemgotosleeptogetherintheirnestforthenight。p2
  onlyafterhermothercametohelpherforthefirstfewmonthswassheallowedtobeginherproject。p2
  forfortyyearsjanegoodallhasbeenhelpingtherestoftheworldunderstandandrespectthelifeoftheseanimals。p2
  2abilitygoals能力目标
  a。learnwarmingup,andknowhowtotellthegreatwomenandthefamouswomen。
  b。learnthewaytodescribeapersonfromwhatthepersondid,whatshehelookslikeandsoon。
  3learningabilitygoals学能目标
  teachsshowtodescribeaperson。
  teachingimportantpoints教学重点
  a。byreadingaprotectorofafricanwildlife,studentscanlearnfromjanegoodallinatleasttwoaspects:theotheristhatitwashergreatpersonalityuniversalloveandmercy(博爱与慈悲)thatmadehersuccessful。ifeveryonehadsuchkindofheart,theywouldgiveeverythingbenefitforalllivingthings。thenourworldwillbefullofloveandpeace,withoutanywarandstarvation。
  b。askstudentstoanswerthesequestions:
  1)whatmadeheragreatsuccess?
  2)whatshouldwelearnfromjanegoodall?
  teachingdifficultpoints教学难点
  leteveryonebelievethatallofuscanbecomejanegoodall。
  teachingmethods教学方法
  inspiration,questioninganddiscussion。
  ways教学过程与方式
  period1。warmingupandprereading
  teachingaims:
  tointroducesixgreatwomenandtheirachievements。
  teachingkeypointsanddifficultpoints:
  toexplainsomewords:quaker,chinawelfareinstitute,campaign,etc。
  step1。leadin。
  1。discussthefollowingquestions。
  1)whatarethedifferencesbetweenafamouspersonandagreatperson?
  greatofexcellentqualityorability
  importantpowerfulorhavinginfluence
  2)whatmakesapersongreat?(thequalityofagreatperson)
  hardworkingintelligentdeterminedgeneroushelpfulhonestkindbrave。dopublicservicewithoutpaid。
  mostofthegreatpeoplearealsoimportantpeople。butimportantpeoplemaynotalsobegreatpeople。
  3)namesomegreatwomeninchinesehistory。whataretheyfamousfor?
  step2。warmingup
  t:inpairsdiscussthesixwomenonpage1。whichofthesewomendoyouthinkisagreatwoman?givereasonsforyourchoice。beforeyoudecide,thinkaboutthefollowingquestions。
  1。didshefollowherideasandsacrificeanythingsothatherideascouldberealized?didsheunselfishlygiveupanythingtoachievehergoal?
  2。didshegothroughstrugglesanddifficulties?didshesufferforherideas?
  nameambitionproblemsacrifices
  elizabethfrytohelpimproveprisonconditionsshewascriticizedforneglectingherfamilyandenjoyingfame。lesstimewasspentwithherhusbandandfamily。
  soongchinglingtoworkforcivilrights,democracyandpeace。herrelativesheldpoliticalopinionscompletelydifferentfromhers。afterherhusbanddied,shelivedalone。
  janegoodalltoworkwithanimalsinthewild。shelivedahardlifeinthewild。shegaveupthecomfortsoflifetostudythechimps。
  jodywilliamstopreventthemakinganduseoflandminesitisn’teasytopersuadegovernmentstostopthemakinganduseoflandmines。shehadlostherownpersonaltimebecauseofthedemandsofthejob
  joanofarctodrivetheenglishfromfrancewomenwerenotallowedotfightlikeaman
  shelostherlife。
  linqiaozhitohelpwomenandchildrenwiththeirillnessesanhealthwomenhadgreaterdifficultiesgettingintomedicalcollegeandgettingfurthertrainingshenevergotmarriedorhadafamilyofherown
  step3prereading
  1。whydoyouthinkjanegoodallwenttoafricatostudychimpsratherthantoauniversity?
  2。doyouthinkherworkisimportant?why?
  period2。reading
  stepreading
  task1prereading
  ssreadthepassageinfourminutesandgivethemainideastoeachparagraph。
  thefirstoneisaboutadayinthepark。
  thesecondoneisherwayofdoingherresearchandsomeachievement。
  thethirdoneisherattitudeandfeelingtotheanimals。
  thelastoneisashortsummarytoher。
  t:thanks。well,let’sdrawachartofthetexttogetheraccordingtothemainideaswe’vefound。
  task2makingachart
  aprotectorofafricanwildlife
  adayintheparkjane’swaytostudychimpsherattitudetoandherachievementtheanimals
  period3languagepoints。
  step1。difficultsentences:
  1。watchingafamilyofchimpswakeupisour今天我们的第一件事
  2。thismeansgoingback。由定语从句修饰的place做go的宾语
  3。onlyafterhermothercametohelpherforthefirstfewmonthswassheallowedtobeginherproject。only副词(部分倒装)
  onlyinthiswaycanwelearnenglishbetter。
  4。buttheeveningmakesitallworthwhile
  step2。wordsandexpressions
  1。mean的用法
  meandoingsth。意味着做
  eg。doingsuchathingmeanswastingtime。
  meantodosth打算做某事
  eg。doyoumeantogowithoutmoney?
  2。leavesb。doing让某人做某事
  e。gtheywentoffandleftmesittingthereallbymyself。
  3。wander的用法
  1)可以解释为漫步,逛,常与about搭配
  e。gwelovewanderingaboutthehills
  2)还可以解释为脱离,迷失
  e。gdon’twanderoffthepoint
  4。worthwhileadj。值得做的,值得花时间(金钱)的
  itisworthwhiletododoing
  itwasworthwhiletovisitparis。
  thevisittoparisisworthwhile。
  去巴黎访问是值得的。
  it’sworthwhilediscussingtodiscussthequestionagain。
  这个问题值得再讨论一下。
  itisaworthwhilebook那是一本值得一读的书。
  5。observe观察到,注意到
  eg。sheobservedhisactionswithinterest。
  她很感兴趣地观察他的行动
  hisneighbourobservedastrangergointohishouse
  他的邻居看到了一个陌生人进入他的家
  6。only状语开头的句子要用倒装
  eg。onlyinthiswaycanwelearnenglishbetter
  onlythendidirealizemymistake。
  直到那时我才知道我的错误
  onlyyouunderstandme。
  imetheronlyyesterday。
  7。workout
  eg。ican’tworkoutthemeaningofthepoem。(理解,说出)
  thingshaveworkedoutbadly。(进行,发展)
  workouthisincome(算出)
  workoutaplan(制定,拟定)
  8。havehasbeendoing现在完成进行时,表示动作从过去就已开始,一直持续到现在,可能还会继续下去
  eg。hehasbeenreadingsincethismorning。今早起,他一直在看书
  hehasbeenworkinghardallday
  hehasbeenwritingaletter。他一直在写信
  hehaswrittenaletter。他已写过信了
  9。argue争论;辩论;说服
  argueforargueagainst主张反对
  argueaboutsth。
  arguewithsb。
  arguesb。intodoingsth。说服某人做某事
  10。inspiresb。todo
  eg。hisspeechinspiredusgreatly。
  theteacherinspiredustomakegreaterefforts。
  thememoryofhischildhoodinspiredhisfirstnovel(促成;赋予灵感)
  inspired有灵感的
  inspiring激励人心的
  period4grammarpoints。
  stepirevision
  reviewthetextbycheckingtheanswersforexercises2,3and4onpage4and5。theseexercisesareabouttheusefulwordsthatappearinthetext。
  stepiiwordformation
  therearetwotasksinthispart。oneisleadingin,inwhichteachertrystogivestudentsasmanywordsaspossible。letthemguessthemeaningsofthewords。thesecondoneistofinishexercise1onpage4。
  derivationisoneofthemostimportantwordformation。itishelpfulinenlargingstudentsvocabulary。teacherscangivethemenoughwords,andletthemguessthemeaningofthesewords。asaresultofthis,studentswillbeinterestedinthewordformation,andbegintousethemethodtoguidetheirwordstudyintheirdailylife。
  t:justnowwereviewedsomewordsinthetext。nowpleaselookatthesewordsontheblackboardandsaythemeaningsofthem。
  organizeorganizationstatestatement
  discussdiscussionentertainentertainment
  directdirectionconsiderconsideration
  decidedecisionagreeagreement
  preparepreparationachieveachievement
  informinformationtreattreatment
  deterdeterminationimproveimprovement
  expressexpressionencourgeencouragement
  examineexaminationenjoyenjoyment
  educateeducationgoverngovernment
  feelfeelingfindfinding
  beginbeginningmeanmeaning
  t:fromtheabovechartwecanseethatwithknowledgeofwordformation,wecanenlargeourvocabulary。today,wellfocusourattentiononthenounsuffix。therearemanynounsuffixesinenglish。inthisunit,welllearnment,ing,ation,istandsoon。nowletsfinishstep3exercise1inpage4。
  letstudentsfinishexercise1。checktheiranswerswiththewholeclass。
  t:herearesomeothernounsuffixesonthescreen。readitandwritedowntheminyournotebooks。nounsuffix
  er(fighter)or(sailor)ist(artist)
  ant(assistant)ee(employee)ian(librarian)
  tion(attention)ment(government)dom(freedom)
  ness(carefulness)ism(socialism)ship(friendship)
  ure(pleasure)ty(society)ence(reference)
  letstudentsdoit,andthenchecktheanswerswiththewholeclass。
  step4discoveringusefulstructures
  tellstudentswhattheyshoulddonext。askthemtoreadtheexampleinexercise1onpage5。makesurethattheyknowwhattheyshoulddo。finishexercise1,andchecktheanswers。
  step5主谓一致
  两个或两个以上做主语的单数名词用and连接,谓语用复数
  tomanddick(be)goodfriends。
  但若表示一个集合体时则用单数。
  asingeranddancer(be)presentattheparty。
  theworkerandwriter(be)talkingtothestudents。
  breadandbutter(taste)good。
  (aneedleandthread,ahorseandcart,awatchandchain,acoatandtie,truthandhonesty,medicalhelpandcure)
  2用and连接的两个名词若被no,each,every,manya修饰,则谓语动词用单数。
  nobirdandnobeast(be)seeninthebareisland。
  manyaboyandmanyagirl(have)madesuchafunnyexperiment。
  atchristmaseachboyandeachgirl(be)givenapresent。
  3两个主语由notonlybutalso,or,eitheror,neithernor等连接时,谓语动词与第二个主语保持一致
  eitherheori(be)togothere。
  (be)eitheryouorhegoingtoattendthemeeting?
  4。主语后有aswellas,like,with,togetherwith,but,except,besides,等,谓语应于前面主语保持一致
  aprofessor,togetherwithsomestudents,(be)senttohelpinthework。
  noonebuttheteachers(be)allowedtousetheroom。
  5一些集合名词做主语,如果看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数;如果指其中的成员,谓语用复数如audience,committee,class(班级),crew(全体船员或机组人员),family,government,public(公众)等,
  但people,police,cattle等只能用复数
  myfamily(be)abigfamily。
  myfamily(be)listeningtotheradio。
  thepolice(be)tryingtocatchthethief。
  6。通常作复数的集体名词
  有些集体名词,如police,people,cattle,militia,poultry(家禽),)等,通常作复数,用复数动词。例如:
  domesticcattle(provide)uswithmilk,beefandhides。
  7。通常作不可数名词的集体名词
  有一些集体名词,如machinery,equipment,furniture,merchandise(商品),clothing通常作不可数名词,随后的动词用单数。例如:
  themerchandise(have)arrivedundamaged。
  allthemachineryinthefactory(be)madeinchina。
  8表示时间、重量、长度等名词,尽管是复数形式,但作为一个整体看,谓语还是用单数。
  fiveminutes(be)enough。
  onedollarandseventyeightcents(be)whatshehas。
  9。all作为主语,代表人物时,一般用作复数;代表整个事件或情况时,一般看作单数。
  allthatiwant(be)agooddictionary。
  all(be)silent。人人都缄口无言。万籁俱寂。
  all(be)outofdanger。
  10形容词加定冠词the表示一类人时,谓语动词用复数。
  whatalifethepoorwereliving!
  theyounghappytogivetheirseatstotheold。
  11who,which,that作定语从句的主语时,其谓语取决于先行词。
  thosewhowanttogoshouldsignyournameshere。
  heisoneofthestudentswhohavepassedtheexam。
  heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohaspassedtheexam。
  12。以ics结尾的学科名称
  某些以ics结尾的学科名称,如physics(物理学)、mathematics(数学)、mechanics(机械学)、politics(政治学)、statistics(统计学)、economics(经济学)、linguistics(语言学)athletics(体育学)、等,通常作单数用。例如:
  13。其他以s结尾的名词
  英语中有一些由两个部分组成的物体名称通常是以s结尾,如scissors(剪子),pincers(钳子),glasses(眼镜),shorts(短裤),trousers(裤子),suspenders(吊裤带)等。这一类名词,如果不带一把、一副、一条等单位词而单独使用,通常作复数。例如:
  如果带有单位词,则由单位词的单、复数形式决定动词的单、复数形式。例如:onepairofscissorsisntenough。
  14。以s结尾的地理名称
  某些以s结尾的地理名称,如果是国名,如theunitedstates,theunitednations,thenetherlands等,尽管带有复数词尾,但系单一政治实体,故作单数用。但若不是国名,而是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称、通常作复数用。例如:
  thewestindies,apartfromthebahamas,arecommonlypidedintotwoparts。thehimalayas(喜马拉雅山脉)haveamagnificentvarietyofplantandanimallife。
  thestraitsofgibraltarhavenotlosttheirstrategicimportance。
  15。英语中还有一些以s结尾的名词,如:
  arms(武器),clothes(衣服),contents(内容,目录),fireworks(烟火),goods(货物),minutes(记录),morals(道德,品行),remains(遗体),stairs(楼梯),suburbs(郊区),thanks(谢意),wages(工资)等,通常作复数。
  16。凡是由ings结尾的名词,如:clippings(剪下来的东西),diggings(掘出的东西),earnings(收入),filings(锉屑),lodgings(租住的房屋),surroundings(环境),sweepings(扫拢的垃圾)等,通常作复数用。例如:
  theclippingsofthehedgesareusuallyburnt。
  thesweepingsofthegodown(仓库)havebeendisposedof。
  17。还有一些以s接的单、复数同形的名词,如:headquarters(总部),means(方法、手段),series(系列),species(种类),works(工厂)等,随后动词的单、复数形式取决于这些名称是作单数,还是用作复数。例如:
  aheadquarterswassetuptodirecttheoperation(指挥作战)。
  theirheadquartersareinparis。
  theonlymeanstoachievesuccessistoappealtoarms(诉诸武力)。
  18。remains用于遗体意义时,随后的动词通常作复数:
  hisremainslieinthechurchyard。
  themartyrsremainswereburiedatthefootofthehill。
  但作遗迹或剩余物解释时,可作复数或单数用:
  hereistheremainsofatemple。
  theremainsofthemealwerewasfedtothedog。
  19。如果作主语的名词词组由分数(或百分数)of词组构成,其动词形式依of词组中名词类别而定。例如:
  twothirdsoftheswampland(沼泽地)(have)beenreclaimed(开垦)。
  oversixtypercentofthecity(be)destroyedinthewar。
  thirtyfivepercentofthedoctors(be)women。
  20。如果主语是allof。。。,someof。。。,noneof。。。,halfof。。。,mostof。。。等表示非确定数量的名词词组,其后的动词形式依of词组中的名词类别而定。例如:
  mostofthemoneyrecoveredbydeputyplayer。
  mostofthemembersthere。
  allofthecargolost。
  allofthecrewsaved。
  21。两数相减或相除,动词用单数;两数相加或相乘,动词可用单数,也可用复数。例如:
  fortyminusfifteen(4015)leavestwentyfive。
  fortypidedbyeight(408)isfive。
  sevenandfive(75)makesmaketwelve。
  fivetimeseight(58)isareforty。
  22。如果主语是由akindsorttypeof,thiskindsorttypeof名词构成,动词用单数。例如:
  thiskindofmanannoysme。
  但若在kindsorttype之前的限定词是thesethose,同时,of词组中的名词又是复数,则动词用复数:
  thesekindsofmenannoyme。
  thosetypessortsofmachinesareuptodate。
  23。如果主语是由manya名词或morethanone名词构成,其意义虽属多数,但随后的动词仍遵循语法一致原则,用单数。例如:
  manyamanhasdonehisduty。
  morethanonegamewaslost。
  24。1)由who,why,how,whether等wh词引导的名词性分句作主语,其后的动词通常用单数。
  2)。两个由and连接的并列名词性分句作主语,如果主语表示两件事情,动词用复数。例如:
  whatcausedtheaccidentandwhowasresponsibleforitremainamysterytous。
  3)。以what分句作主语的svc结构
  在以what分句作主语的svc结构中,主句补语是复数名词,如果主句谓语动词可用复数。
  25。1)。在oneof复数名词关系分句结构中,关系分句动词通常依照语法一致原则用复数形式。例如:
  joanisoneofthosepeoplewhogooutofthierwaytobehelpful。
  2)。在这类结构之前有定冠词the或者有theonly等限定词和强调词时,关系分句动词形式依one而定,用单数。例如:
  selfishnessistheoneofhermanyfaultswhichdefeatsitself。
  period5listening
  step1listeningtothematerialonpage7
  therearethreetasksinthisstep:thefirstlistening,thesecondlisteningandthethirdlistening。teachersshouldaskstudentstoglancethewholeexercisesbeforelistening,sothattheycanrealizewhatisthemaintaskinlistening。
  task1thefirstlistening
  t:hello,everyone!gladtomeetyou。greatwomen。weknowwomencanachievethesameasmen。buttheyhavemanydifficultiesindoingthis。todaywellhavethreelisteningmaterialstolisten。thefirstonetellsussomeparticularproblems,whichwomenhavewhentheywantacareeroftheirown。thestructureofthismaterialisveryclear。itisorganizedbythefirst,secondandthirdparagraph。sowhenyoulistenforthefirsttime,trytogetthegeneralideaofthematerialandthinkwhichsentencesarethemainideasofthethreeparagraphs。nowletslistenforthefirsttime。playthetapeforthefirsttimeforstudentstogetthemainideasoftheparagraphs。andthenaskstudentstotrytoretellwhattheyhaveheard。itdoesntmatterwhethertheyaresomedetails,suchaswordsorsentences,ortheyaresomemainideas。becausethepurposeofdoingthisistoletstudentsknowtheyhavecaughtsomeinformation。everythingisok。
  collectwhattheyhaveheardandwritedownthemontheblackboard。teacherscanletthemdiscusswhicharemainideasandwhicharedetails。
  task2thesecondlistening
  therearetwopurposesinthistask。oneistoletstudentsfinishexercise2;theotheristoletstudentsgetsomeusefulinformationtofinishexercise1and3。soafterthediscussion,teacherscanletstudentslookthroughtheexercisesonpage7inordertocatchtheusefulinformationtofinishtheexerciseswhentheyarelistening。thenplaythetapeagain,andtrytofinishexercise12。exercise1isaboutsomedetails。exercise2isaboutthemainideasofeachparagraph。teachercanmakeapause,andrepeatitwherethemainideasappeartomakesurestudentscancatchit。
  task3thethirdlistening
  thisisagoodchanceforstudentstochecktheiranswers。afterlisteningtwice,moststudentscanhaveagoodunderstandingaboutthematerial,andcanwritedowntheanswersmostly。sothistimeisfortheircheckingandaddingtheiranswers。
  iftheystillhavesomedifficulties,playthetapeforthefourthtimetomeettheirneeds。
  step3thelisteningmaterialonpage41
  teachercanaskstudentstoguessthecontentofthematerial,accordingtothequestionsinexercises。andthenhavealisteningandfinishtheexercises。thestepsofthelisteningarethesamewiththeaboveone。
  unit2workingtheland
  period1warmingupandprereading。
  step1leadin。
  poembylishen
  farmersweedingatnoon,sweatdownthefieldsoon。
  whoknowsfoodonatray,duetotheirtoilingday。
  step2。warmingup(questions)
  1。haveyouevergrownanyplants?ifso,whatdidyoudotogrowthem?ifnot,whatkindofplantwouldyouliketogrow?howwillyougrowit?
  2。haveyoueverbeentothecountryside?whatdidyoudothere?
  3。areyoufromafarmer’sfamily?whatdoyouknowaboutfarming?
  step3prereadingandtalking
  1。riceisamainfoodinalleastasianandsoutheastasiancountries。whatdoyouthinkwouldhappeniftomorrowtherewassuddenlynoricetoeat?
  tips:itissaidthatthereare2。4panic,getintotrouble
  2。ifyouhadthechancetohelpendhungerintheworld,whatwouldyoudo?
  3。doyouknowwhoyuanlongpingis?
  abriefintroduction:
  yuanlongpingisknownaschina’sfatherofhybridrice。it’ssaidthatinchina,weeatdependingontwopingdengxiaoping,whomadethepolicyofsystemofproductionresponsibility,yuanlongping,whoinventedhybridrice。
  yuanlongping,whowasborninseptember,1930,graduatedfromagriculturedepartmentinsouthwestagriculturalinstitute。theresearchintohybridricesincehelefttheinstitute。
  inthe1960s,whenchinawassufferingfromseriousfamine,hecameupwiththeideaofhybridrice,whichhasahighyield(oroutput)。tenyearslater,hesucceededininventinganewspeciesthatproduceda20percenthigheryieldthancommontypesofrice。
  yuandevotedhimselftotheresearchintoagriculture,fao(联合国教科文组织)。althoughheis74yearsold,heisstillworkingontheresearchintoagriculture。
  period2reading
  step1leadin。
  1。listentothetapecarefullythenanswerthesequestions。
  1)whenandwhodidbecomethefirstagriculturalpioneerintheworldtogrowricethathasahighoutput?
  2)whatdidyuanlongpinginvent?
  2。readthepassageonceagain,thenfindoutthesesentencestrueorfalse。
  1)dryuanismoreafarmerthanascientist。
  2)dryuan’skindofriceisthemostsuitableforchina’sfarmland。
  3)dryuanwouldratherworkthanrelax。
  4)dryuanhasdreamswhenheisasleepandalsowhenheisawake。
  5)dryuanenjoysasimplerlifethanmostrichandfamouspeople。
  3。findoutthetopicsentencesofeachparagraph
  para。1:hebecamethefirstagriculturalpioneerintheworldtogrowricethathasahighoutput。
  para。2:hehasdevotedhislifetofindingwaystogrowmoreandmorerice。。
  para。3:hecareslittleaboutspendingthemoneyonhimselfandwouldratherkeeptimeforhishobbies。
  para。4dr。yuan’sdreams。
  4。writedownyuanlongping’spersonalinformation
  8226;name:
  8226;nationality:
  8226;born:
  8226;age:
  8226;occupation:
  8226;education:
  8226;dream:
  8226;achievements:
  8226;hobbies:
  period3languagepoints:
  1。strugglefor为争取而斗争
  struggleagainst为反对而斗争
  strugglewith与争斗
  1)theswimmerstruggledagainstthetide。
  2)wehadtostrugglewithagainstallkindsofdifficulties。
  3)theslavesstruggledforthefreedom
  2。使做成为makeitadj。n。todo
  好天气使游泳成为可能
  thefineweathermakesitpossible(forus)toswim。
  他将每早跑步做为一个规则
  hemakesitaruletoruneverymorning。
  其他可用这种结构的词:
  feel,find,think,consider
  3。搜查,搜索search(sb。sth。)for
  hesearchedalltheroomsforthemissingperson。
  theysearchedthemanalloverformoney。
  4。由于,多亏thanksto相当于becauseof
  5。是从前两倍那么多twiceaslargeasbefore
  相当于oncelargerthanbefore
  6。对感到满意
  besatisfiedwith相当于bepleasedwith
  adj。satisfactorysatisfying
  n。satisfaction
  7。在乎,在意careabout
  比较carefor
  myauntcaredformewhenmyparentswereawaylastweek。
  dryuannevercaresaboutmoneyandfame。
  8。indeed,hissunburntfaceandarmsandhisslim,strongbodyarelikethoseofmillionsofotherchinesefarmers。
  e。g:thestreetsinbeijingarewiderthanthoseinmyhometown。
  thenumberofstudentsinourschoolislargerthanthatintheirschool。
  9。dryuangrowswhatiscalledsuperhybridrice。
  e。g:hecametowhatiscalledamerica。
  10。thisspecialstrainofricemakesitpossibletoproduceonethirdmoreofthecropinthesamefields。
  e。g:thatmadeitpossibleforlifetobegintodevelop。
  thedevelopmentofsciencemakesitpossibleforustoknowmoreabouttheuniverse。
  11。dryuanawokefromhisdreamwiththehopeofproducingakindofrice(thatcouldfeedmorepeople)。
  e。g:hewenttotheu。swiththehopeoffindingabetterjobthere。
  fillintheproperphrasesorwordstocompletethefollowing:
  1。inaway,theaccidentwasagoodthingbecauseittaughtusagoodlesson。
  2。itwasbecauseofhisadvicethatisucceeded。
  3。iamsatisfiedwiththeresultoftheexperiment。
  4。theyhavestruggledforyearstodrivetheinvadersoutoftheircountry。
  5。weallwishthatwecouldridtheworldofcrime。
  6。insomelessdevelopedareasinchina,somefarmersarestillleadapoorlife。
  7。theoutputofcornthisyearisdoublethatoflastyear。
  aftergraduatingfromcollege,hewenttoshenzhenwiththehopeofgettingachancetobecomerichsoon。
  unit3atasteofenglishhumour
  单元教学目标
  atasteofenglishhumor
  learnhowtoexpressone’semotions
  learntheingformasthepredicative,attributiveandobjectcomplement
  learntowritehumorousstories
  目标语言
  话题atasteofenglishhumor
  词汇1。四会词汇:
  slide,skin,cruel,content,astonish,particular,entertain,entertaining,throughout,
  homeless,wornout,failure,overcome,difficulty,boil,fortunate,snowstorm,chew,bottom,mouthful,direct,star,outstanding,switzerland,fortune,swing,pancake,mountainous,whisper,vast,sense
  2。词组:
  becontentwith,badlyoff,pickout,cutoff,starin,knockinto
  功能情感(emotion)
  ienjoythisverymuchbecauseitsurprisesmethat
  ilaughatthatkindofthingbecauseifelthappybecause
  thisisfunbecausei’mpleasedwewerebothamusedat
  howwonderfulsurprising!it’samusingthat
  语法动词的ing形式作表语,定语和宾语补足语的用法
  theirjobispanningforgold。
  thatwastheproblemfacingcharliechaplin。
  doyoufinditfunnytoseesomeoneslidingonabananaskin?
  period1warmingupandprereading。
  teachingprocedure:
  step1:leadin
  showsomepicturestostudents,letthemtalkaboutthepicturesandthenaskthemwhattheythinkofthepictures,whethertheyarefunnyornot。
  questions:1)doyouknowwhothesecomediansare?whatmakesthemfunny?
  2)doyouknowothercomedianswhoarefunnyinthesameway?
  3)haveyouseenanyofthesecomediansorprogrammers?whatdoyouthinkofthem?
  step2:warmingup
  task1。brainstorming
  askstudentstonamesometypesofhumorstheyknow。writethosetheyarenotfamiliarwithontheblackboard,thenshowsomepicturesandsummarize。
  typesofhumorexampleofenglishhumorchinesehumor
  nonverbalcharliechaplinpantomimes(哑剧)刘全和,刘全利
  mimeandfarcemr。beanfunnyplays陈佩斯,赵本山
  verbaljokesplayonwords,usuallycrosstalk马季,姜昆
  funnystoriestwolinesjokes
  funnypoemsedwardleardoggerel(打油诗)
  task2。talking
  askstudentstotalkaboutsomefunnystories,anyenglishorchinesehumorstheyknow。
  task3。readingonp22
  thepurposeofthereadingistointroducethekindofverbaljokes。theyuseaplayonwordstobefunny。letstudentsreadthethreejokesandthenmatchthejokewiththeexplanation。thenchecktheanswer。afterthat,teachercanshowsomeotherjokesonthescreen。
  joke1:
  patient:doctor,i’velostmymemory。
  doctor:whendidthishappen?
  patient:whendidwhathappen?
  joke2:
  garcia:thankyoudoctor。myfeverisgone。
  doctor:don’tthankme。thankgod。
  garcia:theniwillpaythefeestogod。
  step3homework
  askeachstudenttogiveajokeandpresentitinclassnextperiod。
  period2reading。
  step1reading。thepurposeofthisreadingistointroducenonverbalhumor。thisreadingmaterialtakescharliechaplinforexample。whatischarliechaplin’howhemadeasadsituationentertainingandsoon。
  task1。fastreading。anddothetrueorfalsequestions。
  1)。humorisalwayskind。f
  2)。charliechaplinwasborninarichfamily。f
  3)。hissilentmoviesarenotpopularanymore。f
  4)。hesolvedasadsituationbyusingnonverbalhumor。t
  5)。heatetheshoesbecausehethoughtthatitwasveryfunny。f
  6)。charliechaplindevotedhiswholelifetomakingfilms。t
  task2。pidethetextintoseveralpartsandgivethemainideaofeachpart
  partone(12)ittellsusthattherearetwokindsofhumor。oneisbad,whiletheothercaninspirepeople。
  parttwo(34):ittellsussomethingaboutcharliechaplin’sactingstyleandhowcharliechaplinmadeasadsituationentertaining。
  partthree(5):itgivesusashortbiographyaboutcharliechaplin。
  task3。discussion
  letstudentshaveadiscussionaboutthetext,thenanswersomequestions。
  questions:(1)whatisbehindfun?
  (2)whydidpeoplelikelittletramp?
  (3)doyouthinkcharliechaplin’seatingboiledshoesfunny?why?
  step2languagepoints:
  1。doyoufinditfunnytoseesomeoneslidingonabananaskin,bumpingintosomeoneelseroundacorner,orfailingdownaholeintheroad?
  finditfunnytosee中的it在此句中是形式宾语,tosee才是find的宾语。当动词不定式作句子的宾语,同时,有一个形容词同宾语在一起时,我们常用it作先行宾语。
  eg:ifinditdifficulttounderstandhim。
  wefinditusefultolearnaforeignlanguage。
  slide
  thebookslidoffmyknee。
  heslidoverthequestionwithoutansweringit。
  sheslidoutoftheroomwhennoonewaslooking。
  bumpinto
  unfortunately,themotorbikeedabigtree。
  marywaswalkingaloneinthestreetwhensheedherteacher。
  cruel
  don’tbetoanimals。
  thedeathoftheirdaughterwasablow。
  2。perhapsitmakesusfeelmorecontentwithourlifebecausewefeelthereissomeoneelseworseoffthanourselves。
  1)content(adj):satisfied,happy。
  常见的搭配是:becontentwithsth:besatisfiedwithsth
  becontenttodosth:bewillingtodosth
  eg:sheiscontenttostayathomelookingafterherchildren。
  areyoucontentwithyourlivingconditions?
  3。badlyoff:inapoorposition。潦倒;穷困。其反义词是welloff。文中worseoff是badlyoff的比较级形式。
  eg:theyaretoobadlyofftohaveaholiday。
  manypeoplearebetteroffthanbefore。
  4。astonish
  thenewshebroughtedeveryoneintheclass。
  helookedatmeinment。
  itisingtomethatshewaslate。
  5。however,someactorscanastonishuswiththedeepfeelingstheycaninspireinusforacharactertheyareplaying。
  inspire(vt)
  sthinsbsbwithsth:tofillsbwiththoughts,feelingsoraims激励或鼓舞某人。
  thefatherdhissonwithconfidence。
  thefatherdconfidenceinhisson。
  这个句子中有两个定语从句:theycaninspireinus修饰thedeepfeelings,theyareplaying修饰acharacter。
  不管怎样,有些演员能用他们所演的角色在我们身上鼓动起深深的感情来震撼我们。
  cutoff:
  切断;隔离;突然中止
  eg:theycutoffourfoodsupply。
  cutin插嘴cutout剪除;删除
  cutup切碎cutthrough刺穿
  (名题赏析)hewasinhospitalforsixmonths。hefeltas
  ifhewascfromtheoutsideworld。
  a。cutoutb。cutoffc。cutupd。cutthrough
  6。overcome克服
  eg:weshouldhavethecouragetoanydifficultyintheworld。
  itisnoteasytoabadhabitinashorttime。
  7。besetin
  eg:thestoryistheearlydaysofworldwarii。
  8。mouthful
  hetookaofthebittermedicineandmadeaface。
  ifeltsofullthaticouldn’teatanother。
  basketful,handful,cupful,dishful,spoonful
  9。star
  tonight,weareshowingafilm,ringcharliechaplin。
  thedirectorwantstojiminhisfilm。
  shehasredinalotofgoodfilms。
  thethirdperiodgrammar
  teachingprocedure:
  step1。revision
  checkhomework:theexercisesonpage20and21。
  step2。wordformation
  suffixexample
  ablevaluablelovablecomfortable
  ingamusingmisleadingneighboring
  fulhopefulcheerfuluseful
  lessendlesshomelessharmless
  edexcitedinterestedmoved
  ishirishchildishselfish
  iveactiveattractiveexpensive
  atefortunateaffectionatepassionate
  antimportantpleasantignorant
  lyfriendlyorderlycostly
  therearetensuffixesinthechart。andtherearesomenewwordsinit。butthepurposeofshowingthischartistoletstudentslearnmoreabouttheadjectivesuffix。
  step3。discoveringusefulstructures
  task1。revision
  havearevisionabouttheingformusedasthesubjectandobject。givestudentssomesentencestotranslate:
  (1)talkingtohimisuseless。
  (2)smokingdoesharmtoyourhealth。
  (3)walkingismysoleexercise。
  (4)collectingstampsismyhobby。
  (5)isuggestedbringingthemeetingtoanend。
  (6)headmittedtakingthemoney。
  (7)icouldn’thelplaughing。
  (8)yourcoatneedswashing。
  task2。newusageoftheingform
  askstudentstolookattheexercises4onpage20。andthenwakeinpairstofinishtheexercises。
  teachercheckstheanswersandgivetheexplanations。
  1。acookingpot:apotthatisusedforcooking。
  2。adrinkinghorse:ahorsethatisdrinkingwater。
  3。themansittingonthesofaisafriendofmybrother’s。
  61656;heretheingformareusedasattribute。
  1。isawthemanslidingonabannerskinyesterday。
  2。didyounoticethemanpickingupthatbrokenbottleandputtingitinhisbag?
  61656;heartheingformareusedasobjectcomplementthestructureofthesentencewithanobjectcomplementis:subjectpredicateobjectobjectcomplement
  1。herjobislookingafterbabies。
  2。whathelikesisplayingchessaftersupper。
  61656;heretheingformareusedaspredictive。payattentiontothedifferencesbetweeningformusedaspredicativeandpresentcontinuoustense。
  (1)herhobbyispainting。
  (2)herfavoritesportisskiing。
  (3)thiswasverydisappointing。
  (4)thetestresultsareverydiscouraging。
  (5)shewasverypleasinginherappearance。
  (6)hisconcernforhismotherisverytouching。
  (7)thephotographismissing。
  (8)thearticlewasmisleading,andthenewspaperhasapologized。
  inthefirsttwosentences,theingformisusedtoshowthecharacterofthesubject。inthenextfoursentencesthewordsoftheingformareallaboutthefeelings。inthelasttwosentences,thewordsoftheingformshowsomestatesandqualities。
  (9)itissnowinghard。
  (10)sheisteachinginanightschool。
  inthesetwosentences,theingformareusedasthepredicateinthepresentcontinuoustense。
  step4。usingstructures
  turntopage56。lookattheusingstructure。therearetwoexercisesinthispart。exercise1istoletstudentscorrectsomeerrorsinthesentences。thisisnotaneasyjobformoststudents,becauseitneedsotherknowledge,besideswhatthestudentslearnedtoday。sobetterleavethemmoretimetodothisexercise。forexercise2,letstudentsfinishitinashorttime。withthehelpofthepictures,studentscaneasilyunderstandthemeaningandcorrectlyusetheingformtofinishtheblanks。teachercanchecktheanswersinclass。
  step4。homework
  finishallexercisesonpage56。
  thefourthperiodlistening
  teachingprocedure:
  step1。revision:checkhomework:
  (1)askacoupleofstudentstotelltheirjokesinclass。
  (2)asksomestudentstocometotheblackboardtowritetheirtranslation。aftertheyhavefinished,teachercorrectsomeerrorswiththewholeclass。
  step2。listening(page23)
  thisisafunnystory。marymadesomeplumjamandleftsomeinthepan。fivedayslater,herhusbandcamehomeandpouredthejamintothechicken。latermarycamehomeandfoundallofherchickenswerebehavingstrangely。whathadhappened?givestudentstwochancestolistentothestory。first,gothroughexercise1and2toknowwhatarethethingstheywilldowhilelistening。afterthatteacherplaysthetapeforthemtofinishexercise1。thesecondlisteningistochecktheanswers。forexercise2,teachershouldleavesometimeforstudentstodiscussthequestion。
  questions:(1)didyoufindthisstoryfunny?givethereason。
  (2)whatdoyouthinkofjohn’sbehavior?
  step2。listening(page55)
  thisisastoryaboutathiefandaman。thesituationisveryinteresting。beforelistening,whethertheywillbeafraidofthethiefandsoon。
  therearethreestepsforthislistening。atfirstletstudentsreadthequestionstomakesurethattheyknowwhattheyshoulddointhislistening。next,playthetapeforthefirsttimetoletstudentsfinishexercise1。thenplaythetapeagainandletthestudentsfinishthequestionsinexercise2。afterthat,letthestudentschecktheiranswerswitheachother。atlast,listentothetapeagain,teachercanmakeapausewherethereisanquestiontothequestion,inthiswaystudentscancheckalltheanswers。
  step3。listening(page58)
  therearefourexercisesinthislistening。thefirstonerequestsstudentstogetthegeneralideaofthematerial。thesecondoneistoaskthestudentstoknowsomedetailsofthematerial。thethirdoneisaquestionthatasksthestudentstospeculatetheteacher’sfeeling。andthelastoneisagoodexercise,itgivesthestudentsanotherchancetopracticetheiroralenglish。
  step4。homework
  collectasmanyfunnystoriesaspossible,dosomepreparationsforthewritinginthenextperiod。
  unit4bodylanguages
  period1warmingup,prereadingandscanning。
  step1leadin。(havethesswhatsomebodylanguagesmean)
  step2comparison
  step3warmingup
  meaningaction
  2。iamworried。anupsetlook。
  3。iatetoomuch。puttinghandonthestomach,pattingorrubbing。
  4。iamsorrythatididsomethingwrong。droppingorhangingthehead。
  5。i’msohappy。aloudlaughterwithashiningfaceorsmilingwitharmsopenandheadback。
  6。youdidagoodjob。athumbup。
  7。youareangry。turningyourbacktosomeoneonpurpose。
  8。stophere。puttingtheleftpalmontheforefingeroftherighthand。
  step4prereading
  1。whatisthepurposeoflanguage?
  8226;thepurposeoflanguageistobeusedasatoolofcommunication。thatis,toexchangewithothersideas,feelings,information,andsoon。
  2howcanyoutellifsomeoneissadeveniftheydonotspeak?
  8226;bylookingattheirfacialexpressions。
  step5。answerthequestionsafterscanningthetext。
  8226;1。whyarethepeoplevisitingchina?
  8226;2。whatpartsofthearenotrepresentedbythevisitors?
  8226;3。whyisjuliasmithsurprised?
  8226;4。whydoyoumovebackfromahmedaziz?
  8226;5。whatdofrenchpeopleoftendowhentheymeetpeopletheyknow?
  6。canweexpectpeopleeverywheretoactthesame?why
  8226;7。whydoyouthinkweneedtostudybodylanguage?
  8226;8。isthemaincharactermaleorfemale?howdoyouknow?
  step6readthepassageonceandpidethepassageinto4parts,thesumupthemainideas。
  part1:(1)youaresenttopudongairporttomeetbusinesspeople。
  part2:(23)exampleoflearnedorculturalbodylanguage。
  part3:(45)differentpeoplehavedifferentbodylanguage。
  part4:(6)summaryofbodylanguage。
  themainideaofthewholetext:
  8226;ittellsusabouttheimportanceandnecessityofbodylanguageanditsdifferencesbetweendifferentcultures。
  period2explanationofthetext:
  1。theywillbemeetingatamajorhotelwithlocalbusinesspeopleandpeoplewhorepresentthechinesegovernment。
  ‘willbemeeting’thefuturecontinuoustense:theactionwilltakeplaceforcertain。预料将要发生的动作,多用于现代英语口语中,语气较婉转、随便。
  whenwillyoubevisitingusagain
  major:
  1)adj。表示greater较重要的,较大的,主要的。如:
  amajorroad主干道
  2)v。表示specializeinacertainsubject(atcollegeoruniversity)主修科目。如:
  sheismajoringinfrench。
  3)n。表示armyofficerbetweenacaptainandalieutenantcolonel陆军少校
  represent:
  8226;1)standfororbeasymbolorequivalentof(sb。sth。);symbolize代表,象征,等于(某人或某物);标志
  8226;whatdoesyrepresentinthisequation?这个方程式中的y代表什么?
  8226;2)beanexampleof(sth。)是某物的一个例子
  8226;thisdesignrepresentsamajornewtrendinmodernart。这种设计反映了现代艺术中的一种主要的新趋向。
  2。fourpeopleenterlookingaroundinacuriousway。作状语,表enter的伴随状态。
  3。youthinkthattheremayhavebeenamistake。
  mayhavebeen:adeductionofanactioninthepast
  4。youseeherstepbackappearingsurprised,andtakeafewstepsawayfrommr。garcia。(p26p1l5)appearseem
  thevisitorfromjapancomesinsmiling。(p26p1l7)
  shearriveshurrying,。。。(p26p4l3)
  adverbial(伴随状语)
  。。。,andthisisanexcitingexperienceforyou,。。。(p25p1l5)
  hisnosetouchesmr。cook’smovinghand,。。。(p26p1l10)
  。。。,recognizesmr。garcia’ssmilingface,。。。(p26p4l3)
  itisaninterestingstudyand。。。(p26p5l3)
  attribute(定语)
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