2019年中考英语备考名师精品资料阅读理解

　　一、解题策略指导
　　阅读理解能力测试的主要要求是：
　　1读材料的主旨和大意，以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节。
　　2既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念。
　　3既理解字面的意思，也理解深层次的含义，包括作者的态度，意图等。
　　4既理解某句，某段的含义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断。
　　5既能根据所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应有的常识去理解。
　　中考英语阅读理解题主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力，包括阅读能力、理解能力、归纳概括能力、逻辑推理能力以及对材料的评价能力等。
　　试题中所选的阅读文章题材多样化，涉及政治经济、社会文化、风俗习惯、历史地理、科学技术等各个方面。（这要求学生平时对各方面的知识都有所积累，做个有心人）体裁多样化，包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文以及新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说明、表格（要求学生能看懂这类阅读材料尤其是时下出题的趋势）等各种文体。它要求考生阅读理解准确度高、阅读速度快。
　　大致来说，主要针对如下方面：1。文章的个别词或句子，可以给出生词让学生猜意，对此类题目学生应尽量在阅读材料中找定义或解释；2。文章的某细节或情节；3。文章的主题；4。文章的背景知识；5。文章的结论或结局；6。文章内涵的隐义或寓意等。主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力，包括阅读、理解、归纳概括、逻辑推理以及对材料的评估能力等。
　　具体来讲主要有以下几种题型：
　　具体信息：这种题目比较简单，只要通读全文，了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节，就可以解答出来，有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案。
　　语义理解：题目要求对文中个别难词、关键词、词组或句子作出解释。解答这类题目时需要对有关的上下文，甚至整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解才能做出正确答案。
　　逻辑推理：这种题目有一定难度，往往不能直接从文中找到答案，而必须根据上下文及其相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后，才能找到答案。有时甚至还得联系作者的意图、态度等弦外之音、文外之意加以推理，才能获得正确答案。
　　归纳概括：要求在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章作出归纳、概括或评价。解这种题目时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，比如涉及文章的标题（title）、主题（mainidea）、结论（conclusion）、结局（end）等有关问题，都需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识、专业知识进行逻辑思维推理判断，从而获取文章中内隐的信息。
　　词意判断：要求根据上下文判断短文中词或短语的意思。
　　在阅读过程中要重视培养自我阅读能力，根据不同的阅读目的和要求，采取不同的阅读方法和策略。
　　提高阅读能力所常用的阅读技巧主要有细读、略读、全读等。
　　扫读：是一种快速阅读方法，主要在于对文章信息的精确定位，锁定重要信息，如找出人物、时间、地点、数字等。
　　略读：也是一种快速阅读，目的是读取文章的主旨大意。与扫读不同的是，略读是跳跃式的，略掉一些东西不读，取出短文中的关键性东西。
　　细读：细读是完全阅读，目的包括（1）确定中心思想及标题；（2）了解用以阐述中心思想的事实及细节；（3）对作者的暗示或隐含思想进行判断、推理、引申；（4）根据上下文推测词义。
　　扩大视距：要以意群为单位，注重对整句话的理解，扩大注视空间。
　　带问题阅读：先浏览短文后面的题目，做到心中有数，带着目的去阅读，以提高阅读实效。
　　根据上下文猜测词意：遇到生词，要根据上下文线索和暗示、上下文的联系、常识和经验推断或猜测词意。
　　二、范例解析引路
　　例一：
　　oneday，adoctorwaslookingovertheeyesightoftheyoungmenwhowerereadytojointhearmy。byjeff’sturnthedoctorpointedtotheeyechart（图表）onthewallandsaid，pleasereadthetopline，youngman。
　　thetoplineofwhat？
　　thetoplineofthechart。
　　whatchart？
　　theoneonthewall。
　　where’sthewall？jeffasked。atlastthedoctorthoughttheyoungman’seyesightwastoopoor。hecouldn’tjointhearmy。
　　thateveningthesameyoungmanwasatthecinemawhenanothermancameandsatnexttohim。whenthefilmwasoverandthelightswenton，theyoungmanfoundthatitwasthedoctorwhosatnexttohim。atoncehesaidtothedoctor，excuseme，madam，butdoesthisbusgotothemuseumstreet？
　　judgethefollowingsentencestrue（t）orfalse（f）。
　　1。theyoungmanhopedtobeasoldier。
　　2。atfirstthedoctorbelievedwhattheyoungmanhadsaid。
　　3。theyoungman’seyesightwasreallyweak。
　　答案
　　13ftf
　　解析
　　本题属于阅读理解正误判断题。从文章的选材来看，是一篇故事性的短文。内容大意是描写一个叫jeff的年青人，他不想去服兵役，在体检时假装自己的视力不好而去欺骗医生。医生相信了他，因此他不能去参军。而晚上在电影院时，jeff碰巧又遇到了医生。jeff非常聪明，又用一句谎言而蒙混过关。此阅读材料共设三道小题：
　　第一小题题干的意思是说这个年青人想当兵。文章中没有一句话直接告诉考生这句话的答案是不对的，但从整个短文的意思来看，他是不喜欢参军的，否则他也不能假装视力不好。这道题属于推理判断题。
　　第二道小题，题干的意思是说医生开始的时候相信了年青人的话。这道题属于语义理解性题目，在短文中第六段中atlastthedoctorthoughttheyoungman’seyesightwastoopoor。这句话中可以看出答案是正确的。
　　第三道小题意思是说这个年青人的视力真的不好。这道题的设题上属于逻辑推理性题目，因为从文章的最后一段可知，他视力如果不好，就不可能去看电影，也不可能认出医生来。本道题是阅读理解中的第一篇，故事情节幽默，句子简单易懂。难度不大，旨在缓和考生面对中考时的紧张情绪。考生在答题中先读懂短文，理解短文的大意和脉络，然后依据短文内容对试题后给出的句子进行是非判断。同进，对每一道题进行判断时，应从文章的具体段落和句子中找到判断的依据，不能凭印象想当然。对有些似是而非的句子，一定要认真识别，只有完全符合文章意思的方可判定为正确。
　　例二：
　　peopleallovertheworldeatrice。millionsofpeopleinasia，africa，andsouthamericaliveonit。somepeopleeatalmostnothingbutrice。riceisakindofgrass。therearemorethan7，000kindsofrice。mostkindsarewaterplants。farmersgrowriceinmanycountries，eveninthesouthoftheunitedstatesandineasternaustralia。
　　chinaistheworld’slargestricegrowingcountry。inXX，chinagrew166milliontonsofrice。butitisnoteasytofeedtheworld’slargestpopulation。inthe1960s，thousandsofchinesediedbecausetheydidn’thaveenoughfoodtoeat。inthe1970s，yuanlongping，achinesescientist，grewakindofricecalledhybrid（杂交）rice。itmakes20morericethananyotherkind。hybridriceisastrongerplant，unlikeordinaryrice。itcangrowinlotsofwaterorinnotmuchwater。itdoesn’teasilygetdiseasesorworms。
　　today，halfofchina’sriceplantsareyuan’sspecialhybridrice。chinausesyuan’shybridricetogrowmuchmorericethanbefore。yuanisknownasthefatherofhybridrice。hewontheworldfoodprizeforhisworktohelpfeedsomanypeople。
　　choosethebestchoicefromabcordaccordingtothepassageabove。
　　1。riceisgrownintheworld。
　　a。inlotsofcountriesb。forhumansandanimals
　　c。onlyonwetlandd。bychinesefarmers
　　2。chinaintheworld。
　　a。offersthebestricetopeopleb。harveststhemostrice
　　c。hasthelargestfarmlandd。isshortofrice
　　3。yuanlongping’shybridrice。
　　a。getssickmoreoftenb。isordinaryrice
　　c。cangrowwithoutwaterd。canmakemorericethantheothers
　　4。thechinesescientist，yuanlongping，isfamousfor。
　　a。thefatherofriceb。hisricetofeedallchinese
　　c。hishybridriced。growingdifferentkindsofrice
　　答案
　　14abdc
　　解析
　　本题属于阅读理解选择题，是中考阅读理解最常见的题型。本文是一篇科普性的文章，通过介绍我国科学家袁隆平及他所培育的杂交水稻，以及他在自己平凡的工作岗位上为国家做出的杰出贡献，向学生渗透热爱科学的理念，培养学生脚踏实地，认真做事、做学问的求实精神。
　　第一道小题的设题属于语义理解性题目，在世界的什么地方可以种植水稻，从文章中的第一段中farmersgrowriceinmanycountries，只有答案a中用的lotsof这个词，many与lotsof是同义词，因此从这句话可以选出答案a是正确的。
　　第二道小题也属于语义理解性题目，从第二段的第一句话chinaistheworld’slargestricegrowingcountry。可以推断出答案b是正确的。
　　第三道小题属于直接理解性题目，从第二段中的itmakes20morericethananyotherkind。可以选出答案d是正确的。
　　第四道小题属于归纳概括性题目，需认真阅读全文，仔细推敲每个答案：答案a具有片面性，文章中说他是thefatherofhybridrice而不是答案b的题干是hisricetofeedallchinese，而在文章中说halfofchina’sriceplantsareyuan’sspecialhybridrice，此答案明显是不正确的；答案c是正确的；答案d的题干是growingdifferentkindsofrice，而从文章中可以得知yuanlongping只是种植杂交水稻。答题时考生要在正确理解短文内容的基础上，认真看清短文后的题目内容和要求，然后根据短文内容，运用分析、排除等方法选择正确答案。对短文中没有直接说明又无法从短文所提供的材料上明确做出判断的，就要在理解字面意思的基础上进行深入分析、推理，或联想短文材料以外的常识加以考虑，从而推断出正确答案。
　　例三：
　　ourschoolisalwaysaskingstudentstotakepartinschoolactivities（活动）andevents。what’sbeengoingoninourschool？
　　everyweekthereisafilmnightofpopularchineseandenglishfilms。afterthefilms，there’rediscussionsgroupswheretheaudiencecansharetheirideasandaskquestionsaboutthefilms。everytwoweeks，onwednesdaythereisacookingnight。studentscomeandcookdeliciouschinesedishes。thefirstthursdayofeachmonthisafunnight。studentscometoplaycomputergamesortosingkaraoke。therearekaraokecompetitions。soyoungpeoplecancomeandshowofftheirsinging。
　　therearealsoafewshortclassesonsubjectssuchaschinesehandwritingandthehistoryofchina。theseareopentothewholecity。
　　everyyearwehaveaspecialactivitywiththenamechinanight。itisourmostexcitingandbiggestactivityoftheyear。therearetraditionalandmodernchinesesinging，dancingandacting。whatagreatnightitis！
　　answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothepassageyouread。
　　1。howoftencanthestudentsseefilmseverymonth？
　　2。whocangotochinesehandwritingclass？
　　3。howmanytimesamonthdothestudentscookchinesefood？
　　4。whatactivitiesdoestheschoolhave？
　　答案
　　1。theycanseefilmsfourtimesamonth。fourtimes。
　　2。allthepeople。
　　3。twice。thestudentscookchinesefoodtwiceamonth。
　　4。filmnight，cookingnight，funnightandchinanight。
　　解析
　　本题属于阅读理解回答问题题。文章的题材是考生熟悉的校园生活的短文，是有关学生的课外活动，共涉及了四个活动的名称，介绍了活动相关的时间、内容和参加人员等等。第一道小题，问的是每个月学生们多长时间看一次电影，属于考查细节。从文章中的第二段中的第一句话everyweekthereisafilmnightofpopularchineseandenglishfilms。可以看出是每周看一次电影，而一个月通常是四周，因此答案应是fourtimes。
　　第二道小题，问的是谁能参加中国书法课？属于语义理解性题目，通过对文章中的第三段的theseareopentothewholecity。这句话的理解，可以知道此小题目的答案应是allthepeople。
　　第三道小题，问的是学生一个月做几次中国食品。此题的设题同第一小题是相同的，也属于考查细节性题目。从第二段中的everytwoweeks中可以知道每两周一次，那么一个月就应该是两次，因此正确答案应是twice。
　　第四道小题，问题是学校有哪些活动？此题属于归纳概括性题目，需在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章做出归纳，共有四个，分别是filmnight，cookingnight，funnightandchinanight。考生在答此类试题时，首先弄清楚问的是什么信息（what，when，where，why，how等）；然后再根据对文章的理解和把握组织自己的语言，写出正确答案。可以用完整的回答方式，如（theycanseefilmsfourtimesamonth。），也可用简短的回答方式，如（fourtimes。）。此道题考查了学生的综合概括能力和处理信息的能力。
　　例四：
　　fillineachblankaccordingtowhatyouread，onlyonewordforeachblank。
　　1。theweatherreportsaysitwillbeineastcoasts。ifyougothere，you’dbettertakeanwithyou。
　　2。thefootballmatchwillbeinjinzhoustadiumon。
　　3。youcan’tborrowfivebookseachtimeandyoushouldforwatchingvideos。
　　4。adultscan’tgotothemusicfestivalforyoung。
　　答案
　　1。rainy，umbrella2。held，sunday
　　3。over，pay4。listeners，alonethemselves
　　解析
　　本题属于阅读理解填空题。所选文章的体裁是实用文体，有图表、广告、海报等形式，图文并茂，所涉及的内容有球赛、天气预报、音乐会和图书馆书目、音像简介等，具有时代感强、实用性强、可读性强的特点，贴近学生的日常生活。
　　第一道小题设题是有关天气的，第一个空问的是在ineastcoasts的天气是什么样的？属于考查细节性题目，从文章中的eastcoastswillhaverain。此句话中可以得知，应是下雨的天气，而设题是itwillbe，应用形容词来形容天气，因此可以得知答案应是第二空设题属于逻辑推理性题目，you’dbettertakeanwithyou。在文章中不能直接找到此题的答案，但是根据对文章意思的理解和推断，下雨就应该带伞了，因此答案应是umbrella。
　　第二道小题是有关足球比赛的，第一空是考查学生对题干的理解，thefootballmatchwillbeinjinzhoustadium，根据句意应填举行这一词，答案为而第二空on，此空明显是填相关日期的，属于直接理解性题目，从文章来看，可以填日期，也可填星期，但题目要求只能填一词，因此只能填星期sunday。
　　第三道小题是有关图书馆书目的，第一空问的是每次借书的数量，属于语义理解性题目，从文章中borrowfivebooksatmostatonetime这句话中可以得知每次最多是借五本，而设题youcan’tborrowfivebookseachtime，当然是不能超过五本了，超过这一词应是over。第二空问的是看录像应该怎么样，从文章中的最后一句keepavideoforaweekfor1dollar和设题youshouldforwatchingvideos可以得知是应该付费的，与for搭配的动词是pay。
　　第四小题是有关音乐节的，设题是adultscan’tgotothemusicfestivalforyoung。从文中musicforyounglisteners和eachadultmustcomewithachild。这两句话中可以得知，年青人必须和父母一起来，因此答案第一空应为listeners，第二空应为alonethemselves，属于考查细节性题目。考生在解此类题时先认真阅读所给的短文、图表或广告，掌握其内容后，再细读所给待补全的句子。解题时，可带着问题到原文中去寻找答案，寻读原文中与之相关的句子。先确定空格处所填词的词义，然后再判定其词形。解这类题时，应注意信息转换，同义句改写等。
　　三、实践评估自测
　　sectionone
　　choosethebesttopicfromatofaccordingtothemeaningofthepassage。
　　（1）
　　1。a60yearoldbeijingwomanwasarrestedwhilestealingclothesatasupermarketlastweek。whenthepolicemensearchedherhome，theyfoundthatshehadstolenanumberofgoodsrangingfromsockstodresses，withatotalvalueofaround50，000yuan（us6，170）。herhusbandsaidthatsheisprobablyakleptomaniac。
　　2。ondecember26tilly，abritishschoolgirlfeltsomethingwaswrongwhileonthebeachwithherfamily。hermindkeptgoingbacktothegeographylessonjusttwoweeksbeforesheflewtothailandwithherfamily。
　　irecognizedwhatwashappeningandhadafeelingtherewasgoingtobeatsunami。itoldmummy，tillyremembered。
　　quickactionbytilly’smotherandthaihotelstaffmeantthebeachwasquicklycleared，justminutesbeforeahugewavecrashed（冲撞）。thebeachwasoneofthefewontheislandofphuketwherenoonewaskilled。
　　3。beijing’sgovernmentstepsupsafetyatallschoolsandkindergartensinwhichsomechildrenhavebeenhurtandevenkilled。asroadaccidentsarelistedastheno1killer，somethingmustbedonetoensurecampus（校园）safetyinthecity。
　　4。aspecialpotted（盆栽的）flowerandpottedplantsmarkethasrecentlyopenedtothepublicintheyuquanyingareaofbeijing。theplantsandflowersdisplayedatthemarketarebelievedtoplayamajorroleinremovingthesocalledindoorpolution。
　　5。toguardagainstcriminals（罪犯）whousethefakeidcardstoengage（从事）inillegaltransactions（非法交易），ikoreacompany’sbeijingbranchhasrecentlydevelopedanewscanning（扫描）andidentificationsystem（识别系统）。withthehelpofthenewgadget，aperson’snamecard，facialfeaturesandfingerprintcanbeidentifiedinashorttime。
　　a。hardstudysaveslives
　　b。keepingthingsreal
　　c。howtolearnwell
　　d。childsafety
　　e。longtimethief
　　f。magicplants
　　（2）
　　1。agroupofpenguinsatazooinjapantakeawalktoloseweight。everyday，15kingpenguinstherewalk500metrestwice。justlikehumans，penguinsdontexercisemuchduringwinter。theybecomefateasily，saysazookeeper。
　　2。experiencedfemalecollegegraduatewithamajorinenglishofferstemporaryandlongtermtranslationserviceandwouldalsoliketoteachchinesetoforeignersatareasonableandaffordableprice。
　　email：nobadluckbs178。com
　　3。wendyandpeterwenttobedearlylastnightsothattheywouldhaveplentyofrest。thenextmorning，theirmomtookthemtotheairport。
　　nowtheyareattheairport。howwilloursuitcases（小提箱）gettolondon？peterasks。momsays，theyputthemintothebottomoftheplane。theyflywithyou。
　　theflightattendant（飞机乘务员）showsthemtotheirseats。wendyhasawindowseat，andpeteristohim。bothofthemputontheirseatbelts。theflightattendantshowsthemwhattodoifthereisanemergency（紧急情况）。thenitistimetotakeoff。
　　4。inthe1960s，somecountriescaredalotaboutthemoon。theyhadadream：tobethefirstcountrytoputamanonthemoon。americanandrussiawerepartofthisspacerace。theyspentalotoftimeandmoneyonit。thefirstmaninspacewasyurigagarin，arussian。thatwasin1961。yearslater，in1969，anamericanspaceshipflewtothemoon。neilarmstrongwalkedout。hewasthefirstmanonthemoon。
　　5。ineedanassistant（maleorfemale）whosupportsmeinawiderangeoffields，likeeconomictopics，businessandlaborlaw，translation，thepersonshouldknowhowtodealwithpublicauthoritiesandofcourseheorsheisgoodatbothenglishandchinese。
　　a。assistantwanted
　　b。racetothemoon
　　c。jobwanted
　　d。thefirstmanonthemoon
　　e。firstplanetrip
　　f。it’sgoodtowalk
　　（3）
　　1。beijingistoprovidethehomelesswithfood，warmclothesandsheltertohelpthemsurvivethewinter，accordingtothecitysrescueadministration。allthe19rescuecentresinthecityareopentothehomeless，providingshelterandothernecessities。foodandclotheswillalsobehandedouttothosewhoarereluctanttocometotherescuecentres。
　　2。beijingexpectstoclosedown83coalminesinitsyearendcoalminesafetyrectificationdrive，accordingtothebeijingminesafetysupervisionbureau。thecitywillalsosetupacoalminesafetysystemwhichwilldemandcoalminedirectorsandmanagersgodownshaftsinshiftstoensuresafeproductionandreducethechancesofaccidents。thenewregulationwillbeissuednextyear。violatorswillbefined30，000yuan（us3，750）to150，000yuan（us1，875）。
　　3。chinasfirstonlinemusicalclassroomwaslaunchedinbeijingwithlusiqing，awellknownchineseviolinist，givingthefirstlesson。lu，nicknamedthepaganinioftheeast，willgivelessonsandexchangeideaswithhisfansinhispersonalonlineconcerthall。thewebsite，whichcanbefoundatwww。dofala。com，willprovidelessons，teachingresourcesandgivemusiciansaopportunitytobeheard。luwillalsosharesomeofhisunreleasedworks。
　　4。beijinghasrecentlyseentheemergenceofthefirstgroupofelectronicbusstopsignswhichprovideawealthofusefulinformationincludingnewsupdatesandweatherforecasts。moreimportantlythesignscanshowhowlongpeoplehavetowaitforthenextbus。thefirstbatchisbeinginstalledalongchanganavenueandothermainroads。
　　5。itwasherfirsttimeinbeijing，andthewarmhearteddoctorsandnurses，allmadehanmeiyanverywelcome，puttingabigsmileonherface。
　　hanisjustoneofthe20childrenwhocamefromtheimpoverishedareasinqinghaiprovincetoreceivemedicaltreatmentattheplasticsurgeryhospitalinbeijing。
　　a。smartbusstopsb。nettunetutoring
　　c。awellknownchineseviolinistd。homelesshelp
　　e。getdowntheref。fortomorrowssmile
　　（4）
　　1。manypeoplelikeanimalsandtakethemastheirpets。nowadayspethospitalsareverybusy。kindpersonswholoveanimalsareneededtoworkinbusyanimalhospitals。
　　2。scientiststhinkthatpetswillprobablybemuchsmallerbecausepeopleinthefuturewillbelivinginmuchsmallerspaces。scientistsarealreadyworkingonmakingverysmallfarmanimals。thesamethingsmightbedonetomakesmallercatsanddogs。
　　3。it’ssaidthatsomedayyoumightownapantherasapet。scientistsmighthavetostartturningwildanimalsintopets。thismightbetheonlywaytosavethemfromdyingout。
　　4。whataboutarobotforapet？thismaysoundsilly，butitcouldbecometrue。robotdogshavebeenmadetobarklikerealdogs。thesepetsmightbecomemoreandmorepopularinthefuture。afterall，robotsdon’tlosehairorchewonthingsthewayrealpetsdo。
　　5。lotsofpeoplemisstheirpetswhiletheyareonholiday。onehotelinminnesotahassolvedthisproblem。theylendcatstotheirguests。manyexpertsbelievethisideawillbecomemoreandmorepopular。itisverypossiblethatinthefutureyouwillbeabletoorderapet，aswellasroomservice，atahotel。
　　a。pethotels
　　b。smallerpets
　　c。arobotdoctor
　　d。robotsforpets
　　e。apantherforapet
　　f。assistantneededinpethospitals
　　（5）
　　1。smallchildrendon’tunderstandthathotwaterandhotdrinkscanbedangerous。weoftenforgetthedangersourselves。yetitonlytakesacupofhotteaorcoffeeorabaththat’stoohottoscaldachildbadly。asevere（严重的）scaldcanmeanalongstayinhospital，andareallyseverescaldcankill。
　　2。childrenofallagesfallandhurtthemselvesfromtimetotime。luckilymostfallsaren’tserious，butsomecancausesevereinjuries，suchasheadinjuries。
　　forbabies，thedangerisrollingofftheedgeofsomethinglikeabed，chair，tableorkitchenworktop。
　　toddlers（初学走路的孩子）soonlearntoclimbandexplore。tothem，climbingonfurniture（家具）doesn’tseemdangerous。it’sjustfun。butitisveryeasyforatoddlertofalloffapieceoffurniture，ordownthestairs，orevenoutofawindoworoffabalcony。
　　witholderchildren，adventure（冒险）accidentsareaproblem。climbingtrees，highwalls，orfencescanbedangerous。
　　3。everyyearchildrendieinhousefiresandmanymorearebadlyburnt。acigarette，forexample，caneasilystartafire。andmanyfiresarestartedbychildrenplayingwithmatches。
　　butofcourseit’snotonlyfiresthatcauseburns。therearethingsineveryhomethatcanburnachildbadlyahotiron（熨斗），forexample，oranelectricfire。
　　4。childrenloveplayingwithwater。whetherit’sinthebathatbedtimeorinthegardenpondorinthesea，waterisfun。butitisalsodangerous。ababyortoddlercandrownineveryshallowwaterfarlessthanyouputinthebath。
　　5。glasscausesthemostseriouscuts。fewpeoplerealizejusthowseriousglasscutsare。yeteveryyearabout7，000childrenendupinhospitalbecauseofaccidentswithglass。thesearenotonlyaccidentswiththingslikebrokenbottles。moreoftenthechildrenhavefallenthroughaglassdoororwindowandarebadlyhurt。
　　a。burns
　　b。fires
　　c。scalds
　　d。drowning
　　e。falls
　　f。cuts
　　sectiontwo
　　（1）
　　tom，an11yearoldboy，wasill。hehadgotacough。hismotherwasworriedandtookhimtoseeadoctor。thedoctorlookedovertomcarefullyandsaid，tom，nothingserious。thenhegavehimsomemedicine。thesearethewordsontheinstructionofthecoughmedicine。
　　instruction
　　takethreetimesadayaftermeals
　　dose（剂量）：grownups：2spoonseachtime
　　children：8l4yrs。onespoon，47yrs。12spoon
　　notfitforchildrenbelowtheageof4years
　　notes：1。storeinacoldplace。2。usingbeforeoct。XX223
　　fax：02156317708
　　email：www。cmxc。com
　　add：no。10nanjingroad，shanghai
　　1。tomshouldtakethreespoonsinaday。
　　2。tomhadbetterhavehismealsbeforehetakesthemedicine。
　　3。themedicinecanbekeptinafridge。
　　4。childrenagedfivecan’ttakethismedicine。
　　5。fromthisinstructionweknowtomcangoonusingtheleftmedicineafteroct。XX。
　　（2）
　　inventionsarriveeveryday。whenpeopleinventgreatnewthings，wegetideasaboutthefuture。
　　whatwillthefuturebelike？it’spossiblethatwemayoftenflyupintospace！outofallthecoolestinventionsoftheyear，spaceshiponeisthoughttobethebest。
　　spaceshiponeisa6metrelongwhitespaceship。onjune21，XX，americanpilotmikemclvilleflewittospaceandbackabout100kilomtresupintothesky。
　　somemightsayit’snotabigdeal。youknow，peoplewenttothemoonyearsago。
　　well，spaceshiponeisspecialbecauseitisthefirstspaceshipthatwasn’tmadebythegovernment（政府）。itwasbuiltandsentupbyaprivate（私人的）uscompany。
　　lotsofpeoplewenttotravelinspace。butit’stooexpensive。americanmillionaire（百万富翁）dennistitopaidalmostus20milliontobecomethefirstspacetouristtovisittheinternationalspacestationinXX。
　　soprivatecompaniesbegantothinkofmakingtheirownspaceshiptotakeothertouristsupintospace。
　　thesuccessofspaceshiponeisagoodstart。
　　theflightopensanewpageinhistory，puttingspacewithinthereachofordinarypeople，saidpattismith，anofficialatusfederalaviationadministration（联邦航空管理局）。
　　inthenext10to15years，ifyoupay20，000to100，000youcouldflyhighabovetheearth。
　　whatabouthavingyourownspaceshipinyourgarage（车库）andtakingittospaceattheweekend。
　　1。ofallthecoolestinventionsfromwhichpeoplecangetideasaboutthefutureoftheyear，spaceshiponewaschosenasthebestone。
　　2。fromthepassage，weknowthatonlyfewpeoplehavetherighttobuildthespaceship。
　　3。ifyouwanttoflytotheinternationalspacestation，you’dbetterkeephealthyandeatmorefood。
　　4。peoplewouldknowthingswellaboutthespacesince1960。
　　5。thesuccessfulflightofspaceshiponeopensanewpageinhistory，becauseitputsspaceneartotheordinarypeople。
　　（3）
　　departmentstores（百货商店）intheunitedstatesareverylarge。theyarecalleddepartmentstoresbecausetheyhavemanydifferentdepartments。forexample，youcanbuydresses，blousesandskirtsinthewomen’sclothingdepartment。youcanbuysuits，shirtsandtiesinmen’sclothingdepartment。parentscanbuyclothingfortheirchildreninthechildren’sclothingdepartment。andshoes，boots，andsneakers（运动鞋）areintheshoedepartment。
　　mostdepartmentstoreshavetvsandradiosintheirhomeentertainmentdepartments。somestoresalsohaveappliance（器具）departments。youcanbuyrefrigerators，stoves，dishwashers，andotherappliancesthere。
　　doyouwanttoreadabook？gotothebookdepartment！doyouwanttobuyapairofearrings（耳环）oranecklace？gotojewelrydepartment！doyouwanttobuysomespecialchocolate？gotothegourmetfooddepartment（美食店）！
　　therearealotofotherreasonswhypeopleshopindepartmentstores。youcanbuythingsatspeciallowpriceswhendepartmentstoreshavesales。sometimesstoresevenhavehalfpricesales！
　　youcanalsoreturnthingsatdepartmentstores。takeyourreceipt（收据）tothecustomerservicedepartment，andyoucanexchangetheitem（项目）orgetbackthemoney。insomestores，youcaneveneatlunchordinnerinarestaurant。
　　departmentstoresaregreatplacestoshopbecausepeoplecangetalmosteverythingtheywantinoneplace。
　　1。youcanbuysneakerseitherinthewomen’sclothingdepartmentorinthemen’sclothing
　　department。
　　2。mostdepartmentstoresselltelevisionsets。
　　3。ifyouwanttobuyanairconditioner（空调），youshouldgotothejewelrydepartment。
　　4。youcansavemoneywhenthestorehasasale。
　　5。ifyouwanttoreturnsomething，youcanbeservedagoodmeal。
　　（4）
　　manyamericanfamilieslivebusylives。everyweek，thechildrenhavesports，musiclessons，clubmeetings，andmanyotheractivities，including（包括）hoursofhomework。theparentsarebusy，too。theywork，takecareoftheirhomes，cookmeals，anddrivetheirchildrentoactivities。somefamiliesdonothavetimetoeatmealstogethermorethanonceaweek。oneamericancommunity（社区）decidedthatitwastimetotakeabreak。
　　aftersevenmonthsofplanning，thecommunityofridgewood，newjersey，tookonenightoff。theycalleditfamilynight，anightforfamiliestospendtimetogether。sportsteamsstoppedtheirpractices，andteachersdidnotgivehomework。
　　onfamilynight，familiesagreedtoturnofftheirtelevisions。theyalsodecidednottoanswerthetelephone。answeringmachinessaid，pleasecallbacktomorrow。manyfamiliesorderedtakeoutpizzaandothertakeoutfoodsothattheywouldn’tspendtimecooking。
　　popularactivitiesincludedboardgamesandcardgames。thesegamesgavefamiliesachancetospendtimetogether。childrenandparentsweren’tsobusy，andchildrendidn’tspendsomuchtimeplayingvideogamesandwatchingtelevision。onfamilynight，familiesrelaxedandspenttheeveningtogether。thetownhopestohavemanymorefamilynights。
　　1。manyamericanfamiliesaretoobusy。
　　2。childrenhavemanyotheractivitiesbesideshomework。
　　3。ittookonenightforridgewoodtoplanthespecialfamilynight。
　　4。parentscookedabigdinnerforthewholefamilyonfamilynight。
　　5。morefamilynightsareexpectedbythepeopleinthetown。
　　（5）
　　theredcrosshelpsthechildrenofdifferentcountriesknoweachotherbetter。childreninschoolsallovertheworldhavetheirownredcrossgroups。thesechildrenwritelettersandsendpresentsandpicturestooneanother。theamericanredcrossalsogiveshelpandadvicetotheredcrosssocietiesofothercountries。throughtheseactivitiestheredcrosshopestobringaboutamorefriendly，morepeacefulworld。
　　1。thechildrenofdifferentcountriescanknoweachotherbetterbecausetheredcrosshelpsthemtodoso。
　　2。theredcrossdoesnthavemanymembersinschoolsinasia。
　　3。thechildrenintheredcrossgroupswritelettersandsendpresentsandpicturestoeach爋therbecausetheyjustwanttoknoweachother。
　　4。whattheredcrossdoesistohopethatthepeopleallovertheworldwillliveinpeace。
　　5。theredcrossisdoingsomethinggoodforthefriendshipofthepeople。
　　（6）
　　countrymusicisoneofthemostpopularkindsofmusicintheunitedstatestodaybecauseitisaboutsimplebutstronghumanfeelingsandeventslove，sadness，goodtimesandbadtimes。ittellsreallifestoriesandsoundsinthewaypeoplereallytalk。aslifebecomeshardforus，itisgoodtohearmusicaboutordinarypeople。
　　countrymusic，sometimescalledcountrywesternmusic，comesfromtwokindsofmusic。oneisthetraditionalmusicofthepeopleintheappalachianmountainsintheeasternunitedstates。theotheristraditionalcowboymusicfromthewest。thesingersusuallyplaytheguitars，andinthe1920stheystartedusingelectricguitars。
　　atfirstcitypeoplesaidcountrymusicwaslowclass。itwaspopularmostlyinthesouth。butduringworldwarii，thousandsofsouthernerswenttothenortheastandmidwesttoworkinthefactories。theytooktheirmusicwiththem。soldiersfromtherestofthecountrywenttoarmycampsinthesouth。theylearnedcountrymusic。slowlyitbecamepopularalloverthecountry。
　　todaycountrymusicisalsopopulareverywhereintheunitedstatesandcanada，insmalltownsandamongtownsandinnewyorkcity，amongblackandwhite，andamongeducatedanduneducatedpeople。about1200radiostationsbroadcastcountrymusictwentyfourhoursaday。englishstarssingitinbritishenglish，andpeopleinothercountriessingitintheirownlanguages。themusicthatstartedwithcowboysandpoorsouthernersisnowpopularallovertheworld。
　　1。peoplelikecountrymusicbecauseitisabouthumanfeelingsandevents。
　　2。countrymusiccomesfromthenortheastandmidwestofamerica。
　　3。citypeoplethoughtcountrymusicwaslowclassbecauseitwassungbycowboysandpoorsoutherners。
　　4。countrymusicbecamepopularduringworldwarii。
　　5。todaycountrymusicissungbystarsallinenglish。
　　（7）
　　formostamericans，lifewithoutacarishardtoimagine。however，societyhasrealizedtheseriousairpollutionproblemcausedbycars。thepollutedairbecomespoisonous（有毒的）toourhealth。
　　onewaytogetridof（摆脱）thepollutedairistobuildacarthatdoesnotpollute。that’swhatseverallargecompanieshavebeentryingtodo。buttobuildacleancariseasiersaidthandone。progressisthisfieldhasbeenslow。
　　anotherwayistoreplacethecarengine（发动机）withsomething。nowinventorsareworkingonsteam（蒸汽）carsaswellaselectriccars。manycarmakersbelievethatitwilltakeyearstodevelopausefulmodelthatpleasespeople。
　　topreventtheworldfrombeingpollutedbycars，wemakesomechangesinthewaywelive。americans，forexample，havetoreduce（减少）thenumberoftheirtotalcars。theyshouldbeencouragedtotravelandgotoworkbybicycle。
　　butthischangedoesnotcomeeasily。alargenumberofworkersmightfindthemselveswithoutjobsifacarfactoryisclosed。thustheproblemofairpollutionwouldbecomelessimportantthanthatofunemployment（失业）。
　　althoughcarshaveled（引导）ustobetterlives，theyhavealsobroughtusnewproblems。
　　1。acarisveryimportantformostamericans。
　　2。buildingacleancarisnotdifficult。
　　3。onewaytogetridofthepollutedairistoreplacethecarengine。
　　4。thewriterthinksthattheproblemofairpollutionismoreimportantthatthatofunemployment。
　　（8）
　　manyyearsago，therewasaman。hehadacatandloveditverymuch。hedecidedtocallitsky。oneday，afriendsaidtohim，letmetellyouthatthereissomethingstrongerthanthesky。imeantheclouds，fortheycoverthesky。youareright。answeredtheman，andnowimgoingtogivemycatthename‘cloud’。
　　twodayslater，anothermanwashavingsupperwithhimathishouse。whydoyoucallcatcloud？thewindblowsawaythecloudwithoutdifficulty。sothemanchangeditsnameagain。itwasthencalledwind。
　　butaweekhadnotpassedwhenhisneighbornoticedthisquitebeautifulcat。hesaid，windseemstobetheworstname。evenawallcanstopthewind。wallseemstobebetter。sothecatwascalledwall。butateachersaidthatawallwasnotstrongerthanamouse。themanhadtochangethenameagain。justthenthemanssoncamein。mouse！heshouted。whatafoolishname！iknowsomethingmuchstrongerthanamouse。everyoneknowsthatacatcatchesthemouseandeatsit。acatisstrongerthanamouse，saidtheboy。thistimethemansawhismistake。hechangeditsnamebacktocatagain。
　　1。themannamedhiscatskybecausehelikeditverymuch。
　　2。onedayhechangedthenameskybecausehewastoldthattheskywashigherthanthecloud。
　　3。heturnedthenametocloudbecausehefoundthatthecloudwouldbeblownawaybythewind。
　　4。hisneighborconsideredwindtheworstnamebecauseevenawallcouldstopit。
　　5。finallythemancalledhiscatcatbecausehethoughtawallnotstrongerthanmouse。
　　（9）
　　doyougetangrywhenyourfriendssingloudlywhileyouaretryingtowork？orwhenyourbestfrienddoesnotwaitforyouafterschool？
　　ifyoudo，youneedtotakecontrolofyourfeelingsandstopgettingangrysoeasily。gettingangrywithpeoplecancauseyoutolosefriends。
　　garyegeberg，anamericanhighschoolteacher，haswrittenmyfeelingsjustlikewildanimalstohelpyoucontrolyourfeelings。ittellsteenshowtostaycoolwhenbadthingshappentothem。
　　thebooksaysthatgettingangryonlymakesproblemsworse。itcannevermakethembetter。
　　gettingangryisnotanaturalwaytoact，thebooksays。itisjustabadhabit，likesmoking。
　　thebooksaysyoucancontrolyouranger（怒气）allyouhavetodoistellyourselfnottobeangry。
　　whenababyfallsover，itonlycriesifpeoplearewatchingit。
　　likeababy，youshouldonlygetangryifyouaresureitistherightthingtodo。
　　thebookgivesmanytips（提示）tohelpyouifyougetangryeasily。hereareourtopthree：
　　1。keeparecord。everytimeyougetangrywritedownwhyyouareangry。lookatitlaterandyouwillseeyougetangrytooeasily。
　　2。askyourfriendstostoptalkingtoyouwhenyougetangry。thiswillteachyounottobeangry。
　　3。dosomethingdifferent。whenyougetangry，walkawayfromtheproblemandgosomewhereelse。trytolaugh！
　　1。gettingangrywithpeoplecancauseyoutolosefriends。
　　2。thebookmyfeelingsjustlikewildanimalscanhelpyoumakemorefriends。
　　3。thebooksaysyoucancontrolyourangereasilybytellingyourselfnottobeangry。
　　4。ifyoufallover，youshouldgetangry。
　　5。keepingarecordcanhelpyoulearnfromyourpastexperienceandcontrolyouranger。
　　（10）
　　thesetwolettersappearedinanewspaper。bothwritershavetheirownideasonzoos。
　　zoosdoagoodjob
　　itisgoodtokeepanimalsinzoos。iknowalotpeoplethinkitiswrongtokeepanimalsinzoos。however，ibelievethatzooshavemanygoodpoints。
　　firstly，zoosareplacesforpeopletoseemanydifferentkindsofanimalsfromallovertheworld。withoutzoos，mostpeoplewouldneverseearealbearortiger。
　　secondly，zooslookaftertheanimalsverywell。theanimalsarealwaysgivenfoodandcleanedregularly（定期）。inthewild（荒野），itisnotalwayspossibleforananimaltofindfood，sosometimesitgoeshungry。butanimalskeptinzoosnevergohungry。
　　thirdly，zoosprotecttheanimalstheylookafter。theyofferthemsafeplacestolivein。inthewild，somekindsofanimalsareindangerofbecomingextinct（灭绝）。butzoosgivetheseanimalsachancetolive。withoutzoos，therewouldbefewerkindsofanimalsintheworld。
　　mariasmith
　　zoosareunnatural
　　inmaria’sletter，shesaysthatzoosaregoodforanimals。iamafraidthatzoosarenotgoodforanimals，andtheyareonlygoodforpeople。
　　itisunnatural（非自然的）andunfair（不公平的）tokeepwildanimalsincagesthataretoosmallforthem。inthewild，theseanimalswouldtravelfreely。inzoos，theycan’tdothis。thisiswhythebearsandtigerslooksosad。
　　mostcagesarenotverycleaneither。itistruethatzoosgivetheanimalsfoodregularly，butthisisnotnatural。wildanimalsareusedtolookingfortheirownfood。weshouldtreat（对待）animalsinthesamewaythatwetreatotherpeoplewithrespect（尊重）。
　　wouldanyonebehappyifyoudon’tlethimgooutsidehishome？wouldmarialiketohavelotsofpeoplestandingoutsideherhouselookingather？no，shewouldn’t。anyanimalsdon’tlikeiteither。
　　philipblack
　　1。mariaandphiliphavequitedifferentideasonkeepinganimalsinzoos。
　　2。inmaria’sopinion（观点），arealbearortigercanonlybeseeninzoos。
　　3。mariathinksthatanimalslivebetterinzoosthaninthewild。
　　4。accordingtophilip，ifcagesarebigandcleanenough，tigersandbearswilllookhappy。
　　5。mariaandphiliparediscussinghowtomakeanimalsinzooshappy。
　　sectionthree
　　choosethebestchoicefromabcordaccordingtoeachpassage。
　　（1）
　　formanyyearsscientistshavesaidthattheearthisgettingwarmer。nowtheyhavefoundsomethingnewhotcities！inthesouthernus，theyhavefoundthatcitiesbecomeveryhotinsummer。forexample，thecityofatlantaingeorgiahasrooftoptemperaturesofupto50degreeswhileitis27degreesinthestreets！atnight，theoutsidesofthebuildingstaysohotthattheheatofthecitycausesstormoverthecity。
　　chinaalsohasthesamekindofproblems。everyyearmorefarminglandisusedforfactoriesoroffices。morehousingisneeded，too。aspeoplebecomericher，theybuymorecars。nowroadsareneededandnewcarparksarebuiltinthecitycenters。thisallmakesthecityhotter。
　　itisnoteasytochangethesituation。cityplannerssaythatweshouldplantmoretreesinthemiddleofcities。everynewstreetshouldhavetreesonbothsides，theysay。treesmakethetemperatureslower，soweshouldhavemoretreesinourparksandsquares。alsoweshouldpaintourroofswhite。ifwedothis，theydonotbecomesohot。everyroofinahotandsunnycountryshouldhavesolarroofpanels。theelectricityfromthesecanbeusedtoruntheairconditionersinthebuilding。
　　peoplecontinuetocutdownforestsaroundthecities。thismakestheproblemworse。citiesaregrowingfasterandfaster。bytheyear2025，80oftheworld’spopulationwillbelivingincities。ifwegoonlikethis，therewillnotbeenoughfarmlandtofeedeveryoneintheworld。
　　1。thebesttitleforthepassageis。
　　a。theearthisgettingwarmerb。morelandisneeded
　　c。citiesarewarmerinwinterd。scientistsareworriedaboutstorms
　　2。whathavescientistsfound？
　　a。atlantaisthehottesttownintheusa。b。buildingsbecomeveryhotinthesun。
　　c。itisnotashotontheroofasinthestreet。d。therearenotasmanystormsasbefore。
　　3。whatcanwedotomakethecitiescooler？
　　a。makemoreparks。b。useairconditionersmore。
　　c。painttheroofsofallthewhitebuildings。d。plantmoretrees。
　　4。whatmayhappeninfuture？
　　a。mostpeoplewillmovetothevillages。b。peoplewillplantmoretreesoutsidethecities。
　　c。wewillnothaveenoughfood。d。theproblemwillgetbetter，notworse
　　（2）
　　whenmightyouneedtogiveblood（血）forapersonalitytest？theansweristhatyouneedtodosowhenyouaskforajob。
　　somepeoplebelievethatyourbloodgrouphides（隐藏）nosecrets。itshowstherealyou。andtheownersofcertainbloodgroupsmightbeparticularlygoodorbadatcertaintasks（任务）。thisistheveryreasonsofwhyyoucouldbeaskedtoofferyourbloodgroupbeforebeinggivenajob。
　　thenewideawascarriedoutfirstinjapanandnowithasbeenbroughtovertootherpartsoftheworld。oneimportantbusinesscompanyinjapanisquitespecialaboutthisneed：forourofficemembers，wemusthave30percentofgroupaand15percentofab，25percentofoand30percentofb。
　　doyouhappentoknowyourownbloodgroup？itseemsthatifyoubelongtobloodgroupo，youcangetthingsdoneandsellthegoodswell。bloodgroupaarethethinkers，whilebloodgroupbarehighlycreative。andifyouhaveproblems，asktheabstosolvethem。soifyouvisitedthejapanesecompany，youwouldfindtheotypesoutsellinggoodsandatypeskeepingorderintheoffice。
　　1。accordingtothepassage，。
　　a。fourtypesofthebloodwerediscoveredbyjapan
　　b。peopleofgoodbloodmightdotheirworkverywell
　　c。knowyourownbloodgroupandyoucouldgetagoodjob
　　d。moreandmorecountrieshaveacceptedthenewideaaboutbloodgroups
　　2。creativepersons，goodsalesmen，thinkersandproblemsolversarethefourkindsofpersonsneededbythejapanesecompany。theproportionmentionedinthepassageisrespectively。
　　a。30，15，25and30b。30，30，25and15
　　c。30，25，30and15d。25，15，30and30
　　3。peoplebelongingtobloodgroupbmightbegoodat。
　　a。sportsandgamesb。smoothingawaydifficulties
　　c。doingofficeworkd。paintingandwriting
　　4。thispassageseemstoleadyoutobelieve。
　　a。yourbloodgroupcouldaffectyourwork
　　b。bloodtypescanneverchangeyourlife
　　c。theideaaboutbloodgroupshaslittlescientificbasis
　　d。personalitytestsareexactlycorrect
　　5。thispassageismainlyabout。
　　a。theoriginofbloodgroup
　　b。theeffectofthebloodgrouponpersonality
　　c。thesecretsofbloodgroups
　　d。thenewskillofhiringpeople
　　（3）
　　whenyouwanttocallastoreoranofficethatyoudon’tcalloften，youmaylookthenumberupinatelephonebook。youdial（拨）thenumber，andthenyouforgetit！yourshortterm（短期）memorylastabout30seconds。however，youdon’tneedtolookinthetelephonebookforyourbestfriend’snumberbecauseyoualreadyknowit。thisinformationisinyourlongtermmemory。yourlongtermmemoryhaseverythingthatyourememberthroughtheyears。
　　whydoyouforgetthingssometimes？thereareseveralreasons。animportantreasonforforgettingsomethingisthatyoudidn’tlearnitwellinthebeginning。forexample，youmeetsomenewpeople，andsoonyouforgettheirnames。youhearthenamesbutyoudon’tlearnthem，soyouforgetthem。
　　youcanhelpyourselfrememberbetter。moveinformationfromyourshorttermmemorytoyourlongtermmemory。youcandothisifyoupractisethenewinformationformoretimes。
　　1。whydoyouforgetthetelephonenumberthatyoudon’tcalloften？
　　a。becausethetelephonenumberistoolong。
　　b。becausethetelephonenumberisverystrange。
　　c。becauseyoulookitupinthetelephonebook。
　　d。becauseyouuseyourshorttermmemorytorememberit。
　　2。whichiseasiertoforget？
　　a。yourbestfriend’sname。b。somethingthatyouunderstand。
　　c。thenewinformationthatyouhavepractisedalot。
　　d。somethingthatyoudidn’tlearnwellinthebeginning。
　　3。howlongdoesaperson’sshorttermmemorylast？
　　a。abouthalfasecond。b。abouthalfaminute。
　　c。abouthalfanhour。d。abouthalfaday。
　　4。what’shelpfulforyoutorememberbetter？
　　a。learnsomethingwellintheend。
　　b。looksomethingupoften。
　　c。useyourshorttermmemorytolearnthings。
　　d。moveinformationfromyourshorttermmemorytoyourlongtermmemory。
　　5。thewritermainlywantstotellussomeideasonhowto。
　　a。keepsomethinginmindlongb。learnaforeignlanguagewell
　　c。makeatelephonecalld。rememberaperson’sname
　　（4）
　　whencharlesstrattonwasfive，hestoppedgrowing。hismothertookhimtoseethefamousshowman，p。t。barnum。mr。barnumthoughtasmallpersonwouldbetheperfectadditiontohisshow。hehiredcharles’parentsalongwithhim，andtheytraveledtheworldtogether。
　　hegavethetwofoottallcharlesanewname，generaltomthumb。hetaughttomhowtosing，dance，act，andtelljokes。whenhefelttomwasreadytoperformonstage，hemadeupads。tostirupgreatinterest，hesaidthattomwaselevenyearsoldandhadcomefromengland。
　　duringtheshow，tomfoughtbattlespretendedlywithtallpeople。healsodanceduponawoodenplateheldbyapersonwhowaseightfeettall。
　　tom’sactwasverypopularandbroughtinalotofmoney。bythetimetomwasanadult，hehadgrownveryrich。hehadbecomeabillionaireattheageoftwentyfive。
　　fortunatelyfortom，mr。barnumaddedmorelittlepeopletohisshow，andtombecameluckyinloveaswell。oneofthelittlepeoplewaslaviniawarren，aschoolteacher。tomwasabletowinherlove，andtheymarried。
　　theceremonyandreceptionwerethetalkofthetown。theywereattendedbymanyrichandfamouspeopleandbyabouttwothousandguests。crowdsfilledthestreetsofnewyorktohavealookattheirhoneymoon，justbeforethecouplewouldbegoingtoliveintom’shouseinconnecticut。
　　theirwedding，whichtookplaceduringthecivilwar，providedawelcomeescapefromthesadproblemsofwar。notwillingtoletthisbitofsunshinefade，communitiesthroughoutthecountrysponsoredtomthumbweddings，smallboysandgirls，alldressedup，wentthroughmarriageceremonyforfun。
　　1。talkofthetownmeans。
　　a。itwasinthenewspaper
　　b。peoplespreadrumorsaboutit
　　c。itwasthemostpopularthinghappening
　　d。itwasdiscussedinacitymeeting
　　2。whatdoestheauthorthinkabouttomthumb’swedding？
　　a。peoplegaveittoomuchoftheirattention。
　　b。ithelpedpeoplecheerupinadarktime。
　　c。itwasfunnyandridiculous
　　d。tomandlaviniawerestupid。
　　3。whichofthefollowingisthebestcluetothefactthattomwassmart？
　　a。hebecameabillionaireattwentyfive。
　　b。helearnedhowtosing，dance，andactataveryyoungage。
　　c。hemetwithpresidentlincolnduringhishoneymoon。
　　d。hemarriedaschoolteacher。
　　4。tomewoulddanceonawoodenplateheldbyapersonwhowaseightfeettallbecause。
　　a。thewoodenplatewouldmakeitsoundasiftomweretapdancing
　　b。itmadetomefeeltaller
　　c。theeightfoottallmanwastheonlytallpersontomtrusted
　　d。thedifferencebetweenthemwouldmaketomlookevensmaller
　　5。whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph？
　　a。weddingsalwaysmakepeoplefeelfullofsunshine。
　　b。peoplearealwaysdisappointedduringwartime。
　　c。entertainmentcanserveanimportantpurpose。
　　d。peopleshouldbemarriedwhentheyaresmallchildren。
　　（5）
　　patbrownwenttoherbanktoaskforanatm（自动取款机）card。itlookslikeacreditcard。afewweekslater，thebankpostedheracardandafournumberpersonalidentificationnumber（pin）。herpinis1234。
　　aspatwasgettingreadyforbedonenight，sherememberedthatshehadonly2inherbag。thenextdayshehadtogive10foralunchforacoworker。shedidn’twanttogetupearlytogotothebank。soshehadtogotothebankthatnight。sheusedheratmcardtotakeout50fromhercheckingaccount（账户）。
　　thesearethestepsshefollowedtowithdraw（提取）money。first，sheputhercardinthelowerslot（狭孔）ontherightsideofthemachine。shemadesurehercardwasfacingtherightway。second，thecomputerscreensaid，pleaseenteryourpin。patpressedthenumber1，2，3and4。next，thescreensaid，pleaseselecttypeoftransaction（交易）youwantbypressingotherkeys。patpressedthebuttonkeyfortakingoutmoney。
　　thenthescreensaid，fromwhichaccount？thechoicesitgavewerechecking，savings，andmoneymarket。patpressedthekeyforchecking。next，thescreensaid，pleaseselectamount（数量）oftransaction（办理）。patpushedthenumber5andthen0threetimes，andthescreenread，50。00。thescreenthenread，pleasewait。inlessthanaminute，itread，pleaseliftthelidandtakeyourmoney。
　　patliftedthelidmarkedwithdraw（提取）。shecountedher50tomakesuretheatmhadn’tmadeamistake。thenshewaitedforherwithdrawalsliptocomeoutoftheslotattheupperrightcornerofthemachine。patcheckedthesliptomakesureitwascorrect。thenheratmcardwasreturnedthroughthecardslot。sheputitinherbagandwalkedaway。ifpathadmadeamistakeatanypointbypressingthewrongbutton，shecouldhavepressedcancel（取消，删去）andstartedoveragain。
　　1。whatwaspat’sfirststep？
　　a。pressingthewithdrawalbutton。b。inserting（插入）heratmcard。
　　c。countinghermoney。
　　2。whatdidpatdoatonceafterchoosingtheaccount？
　　a。selectedwhethertowithdraw，deposit（存款），ortransfer（转帐，过户）money。
　　b。liftedthelidandremovedhermoney。
　　c。selectedtheamountofmoneyshewantedtowithdraw。
　　3。whendidpatenterherpin？
　　a。rightafterinsertinghercard。b。rightbeforeselectingtheaccount。
　　c。rightbeforeselectingtheamountofmoney。
　　4。whendidpatselectthetypeoftransaction？
　　a。rightbeforereceivingherwithdrawalslip。b。rightafterrecordingherpin。
　　c。rightafterselectingwhichaccountshewanted。
　　5。whatdidpatdowhenthescreensaidpleaseliftthelidandtakeyourmoney。？
　　a。tookher50。b。gotouthercard。c。pickedupherwithdrawalslip。
　　（6）
　　tomasteralanguageonemustbeabletospeakandunderstandthespokenlanguageaswellastoreadandwrite。leninandhiswifekrupskayatranslatedalongenglishbookintorussian。butwhentheywenttoenglandin1902，englishpeoplecouldn’tunderstandawordtheysaidandtheycouldn’tunderstandwhatwassaidtothem。thesedaysmoreandmoreforeignersarecomingtochinaandmorechinesearegoingouttoforeigncountriestoworkorstudy。sothespokenlanguageisbecomingmoreandmoreimportant。
　　speaking，ofcourse，can’tgowithoutlistening。ifyouwanttopronounceawordcorrectly，firstyoumusthearitcorrectly。thysoundsofthechineseandenglishlanguagesarenotexactlythesame。ifyoudon’tlistencarefully，you’llfinditdifficultorevenimpossibletounderstandthenativespeakers。
　　well，whataboutwriting？likespeaking，it’stoexchangeideas。peoplegenerallyuseshorterwordsandshortersentencesintheirwriting。theimportantthingistomakeyourideaclearinyourheadandthentowriteitinclearlivelylanguage。
　　chinesestudentsreadfartooslowly。ifyoureadfast，youunderstandbetter。ifyoureadtooslowly，bythetimeyouhavereachedtheendofapageyouhaveforgottenwhatthebeginningisabout。whenyoumeetwithnewwords，don’tlookthemupinthedictionary。guessthemeaningfromthecontext。youmaynotguessquitecorrectlythefirsttime，butasnewwordscomeupagainandagainindifferentcontexts，theirmeaningwillbecomeclearerandclearer。ifyoulookupeveryword，you’llneverfinishabook。
　　studentsofaforeignlanguageneedaparticularknowledge，theknowledgeofthelife，historyandgeographyofthepeoplewhoselanguagetheyarestudying。theyshouldstudythesesubjectsintheforeignlanguage，notonlyintranslation。inthiswayonecankilltwobirdswithonestone：learnaforeignlanguageandgetsomeknowledgeoftheforeigncountryatthesametime。
　　1。howmanypointsarethereinthepassage？
　　a。twob。threec。fourd。five
　　2。inhisfirstpointthewritertoldus。
　　a。howtospeakenglish
　　b。howtoreadandwrite
　　c。whyspokenenglishisimportant
　　d。whyenglishpeoplecouldn’tunderstandlenin
　　3。inhislastpointthewriteradvisedus。
　　a。tokilltwobirdswithonestone
　　b。tolearntwolanguagesatatime
　　c。tostudyallthesubjectsinaforeignlanguage
　　d。togetsomeknowledgeoftheforeigncountrywhoselanguageyouarestudying
　　4。inthefourthparagraphthewritergavesomeadviceon。
　　a。howtoreadfaster
　　b。howtoguessthemeaningfromthecontext
　　c。howtolookupnewwordsinthedictionary
　　d。howtograspthegeneralmeaningofapassage
　　5。tokilltwobirdswithonestonemeans。
　　a。togetsomeparticularknowledgeb。togetmorethanwhatonepays
　　c。thestoneistoobigd。thebirdsareblindenough
　　（7）
　　february14th，valentine’sday，isacomplicatedbutinterestingoccasion。firstofall，valentine’sdayisnotaholidayfromwork。noonegetsadayoff。inmanycountriesitisobservedbysendingcardstoyourfriendsandcandyorflowerstoyourhusbandorwifeifyou’remarried，ortoyourboyfriendorgirlfriendifyou’renotmarried。injapan，somegirlsevengivetheirfatherschocolates。
　　whyisthisholidayforpeopleinlovecalledvalentine’sday？
　　oneexplanationcomesfromachristianmanwhosenamewassomethinglikevalentine。helivedatatimewhentheromanemperorrefusedtoallowanyromansoldierstogetmarriedforanyreason。manycouplescametovalentinetobemarried。sohewouldsecretlymarrytheminachristianceremony。hewasdiscoveredandputinprisonbytheemperor。onetraditionsaysthathewrotenotestohisfriendsbymarkingonleavesandthenthrowingthemoutofthewindowofhisprison。theleaveswereshapedlikeaheart。valentinewaskilledonfebruary14thandvalentine’sdayrecallshistragicdeath。
　　onvalentine’sday，americanelementaryschoolchildrenmakeorbuyvalentinecards，writethenameofaclassmateonthem，andtakethemtoschoolandputtheminaspecialvalentine’sdaybox。andthenonthatdaytheboxisopened，thecardsaretakenoutandgivenout。
　　1。whichofthefollowingistrueaboutvalentine’sday？
　　a。itisobservedbysendingflowerstoone’shusbandorwife。
　　b。childreninjapangivetheirfatherschocolates。
　　c。itisalegalholidayinmanycountries。
　　d。peoplesendcandytoeachother。
　　2。themancalledvalentinewasputinprisonbecause。
　　a。hesecretlygotmarriedinachristianceremony
　　b。hehelpedpeoplegetmarriedwhenlovewasnotallowed
　　c。hehelpedromansoldiersgetmarried
　　d。hewantedtokilltheromanemperor
　　3。sohewouldsecretlymarrytheminachristianceremony。marryisclosestinmeaningto。
　　a。whichpriestisgoingtomarrythem？
　　b。shehasmarriedoffallherdaughters。
　　c。i’mgladhubertmarriedagirlofspirit。
　　d。atpresentshedoesn’tintendtomarryatall。
　　4。peoplecelebratevalentine’sday。
　　a。totakeadayoffb。inmemoryofvalentinec。c。toshowtheirloved。bothbandc
　　5。americanschoolchildrendon’tonvalentine’sday。
　　a。buyvalentinecards
　　b。makecardsfortheirteachers
　　c。giveeachothervalentinecards
　　d。puttheircardsinavalentine’sdaybox
　　（8）
　　manypeoplegotoschoolforaneducation。theylearnlanguages，history，politics，geography，physics，chemistryandmathematics。othersgotoschooltolearnaskillsothattheycanmakealiving。schooleducationisveryimportantanduseful。yet，noonecanlearneverythingfromschool。ateacher，nomatterhowmuchheknows，cannotteachhisstudentseverythingtheywanttoknow。theteacher’sjobistoshowhisstudentshowtolearn。heteachesthemhowtoreadandhowtothink。so，muchmoreistobelearnedoutsideschoolbythestudentsthemselves。
　　itisalwaysmoreimportanttoknowhowtostudybyoneselfthantomemorizesomefactsoraformula。itisactuallyquiteeasytolearnacertainfactinhistoryoraformulainmathematics。butitisverydifficulttouseaformulainworkingoutamathproblem。greatscientistsbeforeusdidn’tgeteverythingfromschool。theirteachersonlyshowedthemtheway。edisondidn’tevenfinishprimaryschool。buttheywereallsosuccessful。theyinventedsomanythingsformankind。thereasonfortheirsuccessisthattheyknewhowtostudy。theyreadbooksthatwerenottaughtatschool。theywouldaskmanyquestionsastheyread。theydidthousandsofexperiments。theyworkedhardalltheirlives，wastingnotasinglemoment。aboveall，theyknewhowtousetheirbrain。
　　1。peoplegotoschoolto。
　　a。learnseveralsubjectsb。makealiving
　　c。getaneducationd。learnfromteachers
　　2。accordingtothepassage，themostimportantthingateachershoulddois。
　　a。toteacherhisstudentseverythingheknows
　　b。toknoweverything
　　c。toteachthestudentshowtothink
　　d。toteachthestudentshowtostudybythemselves
　　3。toworkoutamathproblem，youneedtoknow。
　　a。onlyacertainformulab。morethanoneformula
　　c。somefactsd。themethodtosolveit
　　4。whyweremanyscientistssosuccessful？
　　a。theyreceivedgoodeducation。
　　b。theywereveryclever。
　　c。theyknewhowtolearn。
　　d。theylearnedlotsoffactsandformulas。
　　5。howdidgreatscientistsstudy？
　　a。theyreadalotofbooksandaskedmanyquestionswhilereading。
　　b。theydidthousandsofexperiments。
　　c。theyalwaysworkedhardandneverwastedtime。
　　d。alloftheabove。
　　（9）
　　thecustomsindifferentcountriesareratherdifferent。ifihavedinnerwithachinesehost，healwaysputsmorefoodontomyplatesassoonasihaveemptiedthem。itoftendiscomfortsmegreatly。ihavetoeatthefoodevenifidon’twantto，becauseitisconsideredbadmannersinthewesttoleaveone’sfoodontheplate。ihavealreadynoticedthatwhenachinesesitsatanamerican’sdinnerparty，heveryoftenrefusestheofferoffoodordrinkthoughheisinfactstillhungryorthirsty。thismightbegoodmannersinchina，butitisnotinthewestatall。intheusitisimpolitetokeepaskingsomeoneagainandagainorinsistonhimacceptingsomething。americanshaveadirectwayofspeaking。iftheywantsomething，theywillaskforit。ifnot，theywillsayno，thanks。whenanamericanisfedwithbeerbythehost，forexample，hemightsay，no，thanks，i’lltakesomediet。pepsycolaifyouhaveit。thatiswhatanamericanwilldo。sowhenyougototheus，youhadbetterrememberthefamoussaying，wheninrome，doastheromansdo。
　　1。fromthepassage，weknowthatthechineseareusuallytotheguests。
　　a。eagertogivealltheyhaveb。polite
　　c。impolited。cold
　　2。whenaforeignerhasdinnerwithachinesehost，heoftenfeels。
　　a。pleasantb。uncomfortablec。satisfiedd。happy
　　3。whydoesachineseoftenrefusetheofferoffoodordrinkatadinnerparty？because。
　　a。hehashadenoughb。heisshy
　　c。heisafraidthatotherswilllaughathimd。hethinksit’spolitetodothat
　　4。whenanamericanwantssomethingtoeatordrinkatdinner，hewill。
　　a。goandtakeithimselfb。refusethehostsoffer
　　c。askforitdirectlyd。askanothertofetchitforhim
　　5。wheninrome，doastheromansdo。means。
　　a。whenyougettorome，youshouldactastheromansdo
　　b。whenyoustayinrome，youshoulddoastheromansdo
　　c。whenyouareinanewcountry，youshoulddoasthenativesdo
　　d。romanscanbeexampleforyou
　　（10）
　　whenwecanseewell，wedon’tthinkaboutoureyesveryoften。itisonlywhenwecannotseeperfectlythatwecometoseehowimportantoureyesare。
　　peoplewhoarenearsightedcanonlyseethingsthatareveryclosetotheireyes。manypeoplewhodoalotofclosework，suchaswriting，readingandsewing，becomenearsighted。thentheyhavetowearglassesinordertoseedistantthingsclearly。
　　peoplewhoarefarsightedsufferfromjusttheoppositeproblem。theycanseethingsthatarefaraway，buttheyhavedifficultyreadingabookunlesstheyholditatarm’slength。iftheywanttodomuchreading，theymustgetglasses，too。
　　otherpeopledonotseeclearlybecausetheireyesarenotexactlytherightshape。this，too，canbecorrectedbyglasses。somepeople’seyesbecomecloudybecauseofcataracts（白内障）。longagothesepeopleoftenbecameblind。now，however，itispossibletooperateonthecataractsandremovethem。
　　whennightfalls，coloursbecomefaintertotheeyesandfinallydisappear。afteryoureyeshavegrownusedtothedark，youcanseebetterifyouusethesidesofyoureyesratherthanthecenters。sometimes，afterdark，youcanseeasmallthingtoonesideofyou，whichseemstodisappearifyouturnyourheadinitsdirection。thisisbecausewhenyouturnyourhead，youarelookingatthethingtoodirectly。menonguarddutysometimesthinktheyseesomethingmovingtoonesideofthem。whentheyturntolookstraightatit，theycan’tseeitanymore，andtheybelievetheyweremistaken。however，thismistakehappensbecausethecenteroftheeye，whichisverysensitiveindaylight，isnotassensitiveasthesidesoftheeyeafterdark。
　　1。wedon’tknowthatoureyesareofgreatimportanceuntil。
　　a。wethinkaboutoureyesb。wecannotseeclearly
　　c。wewearglassesd。wehavetodomuchreading
　　2。accordingtothepassage，aismorelikelytobenearsightedthantheaverageperson。
　　a。tailorb。doctorc。guardd。driver
　　3。thosewhosufferfromcataracts。
　　a。willbecomeblindb。can’tbecured
　　c。maybecuredd。mustmovetootherplaces
　　4。peoplewhoarefarsighted。
　　a。cannotdoalotofcloseworkwithoutglasses
　　b。canonlyseethingsthatareveryclosetotheireyes
　　c。havedifficultyreadingabookiftheyholditatarm’slength
　　d。havethesameproblemasthenearsightedpeople
　　5。toseeasmallthingatnight，itisbettertolook。
　　a。withwideopeneyesb。withhalfshutornarroweyes
　　c。straightatitd。inaslightlydifferentdirection
　　（11）
　　hi，dearboysandgirls！doyouknowhowtobeahealthykid？herearesomerulesyoushouldfollow。
　　first，eatdifferentfoods，especiallyfruitandvegetables。youmayhaveafavouritefood，butyoudbettereatsomethingdifferent，ifyoueatdifferentfoods，youwillprobablygetmorenutrients（营养物质）yourbodyneeds。
　　second，drinkwaterandmilkasoftenaspossible。whenyourereallythirsty，coldwateristheno。lchoice（选择）。milkisagreatdrinkthatcangiveyoumorecalcium（钙）yourbodyneedstogrowstrongbones（骨头）。
　　third，listentoyourbody。howdoyoufeelwhenyouarefull？whenyouareeating，noticehowyourbodyfeelsandwhenyourstomach（胃）feelscomfortablyfull。eatingtoomuchwillnotmakeyoufeelcomfortableandmakeyoufat。
　　fourth，limit（限制）screentime。screentimeisthetimeyouwatchtv，dvdsandvideos，orusingcomputers。itisgoodtotakemoreexercisesuchasbasketball，bikeridingandswimming。youcantwatchtvformorethantwohoursaday。
　　fifth，beactive。onethingyoudliketodoasakidistofindoutwhichactivityyoulikebest。findwaystobeactiveeveryday。
　　followtheserulesandyoucanbeahealthykid。
　　1。youshouldeatdifferentfoodsespecially。
　　a。meatb。hamburgersc。sweetsd。fruitandvegetables
　　2。whichkindofdrinkscangiveyoumorecalcium？
　　a。juiceb。milkc。coldwaterd。tea
　　3。accordingtothepassage，youshouldfollowrulesifyouwanttobehealthy。
　　a。fiveb。ninec。fifteend。thirteen
　　4。accordingtothepassage，whichofthefollowingistrue？
　　a。whenyoureeating，youdonthavetonoticehowyourbodyfeels。
　　b。youcaneatyourfavouritefoodasmuchaspossible。
　　c。youcanwatchtvwheneveryouliketogetmoreinformation。
　　d。weshouldtrytoliveinanactivewayinourlife。
　　5。whichisthebesttitleforthepassage？
　　a。howtomakeyourselfimportant
　　b。howtobeahealthykid
　　c。howtobeapopularkid
　　d。howtomakeyourparentshealthy
　　（12）
　　a12manchineseteamlandedontheantarcticicecap（南极冰盖最高点）peakonjanuary18。theyarethefirstpeopletoreachthepeakofdomea（海穹a）。itis4，039metersabovesealevel（海拔）。
　　theteambuiltastationtheretostudythechangesoftheweather，geticesamples（标本）from150metersto200metersbelow，anddootherstudies。sofar，theteamhasgotnearly100meterlongicesamplesfromaplaceabout300metersundertheicecappeak。
　　itisthefirsttimethatpeoplehavebeenabletogetsamplesfromtheicecappeakinantarcticaanditisveryimportantforpeopletostudytheweatherchangesandenvironmentalchangesinthisarea（地区）。
　　thechinesescientistshavealsobuiltaweatherstudysystem（系统）atthepeak。thesystemcansendoutinformationabouttemperature，howstrongthewindis，andmanyotherthingsabouttheweather。
　　theantarcticicecapmakesup70oftheearthsfreshwater（淡水）。bystudyingdomea，scientistscangetthelowesttemperatureoftheearthandotherinformationabouttheworldsweatherchanges。wecantgetthisinformationfromotherplacesontheearthbecausedomeaisthebestplaceforthiskindofstudies。soitisveryimportanttolandonthepeakofdomea。
　　1。howmanychinesefirstlandedontheantarcticicecappeak？
　　a。18b。12c。150d。200
　　2。theteamhasgotabout100meterlongicesamples。
　　a。from150metersto200metersbelow
　　b。fromaplaceabout300metersbelow
　　c。from200metersto250metersbelow
　　d。fromaplaceabout150metersbelow
　　3。theybuiltaweatherstudysystemtoget。
　　a。theearthsfreshwaterb。icesamplesfromthepeak
　　c。informationabouttheweatherd。thenewsaboutothercountries
　　4。choosethyrightorder（顺序）accordingtothispassage。
　　theybuiltastationtostudythechangesoftheweather。
　　acliineseteamlandedontheantarcticicecappeak。
　　thechinesescientistsbuiltaweatherstudysystem。
　　theygoticesamplesfromtheicecappeak。
　　a。b。c。d。
　　5。fromthispassage，wecaninfer（推断）：afterthechineseteamlandedontheantarcticicecappeak，。
　　a。wecangothereforholidays
　　b。theworldsweathermustbebetterandbetter
　　c。thepeakwillbethebestplaceforpeopletolivein
　　d。ourcountrywilldobetterintheworldsweatherresearch
　　（13）
　　thetotalareaoflandonearthisestimated（估计）as149millionsquarekilometres，orabout29percentofthetotalareaoftheearth。
　　themean（平均）heightofthelandisabout750metersabovethesealevel。
　　theeurasian（欧亚的）landmassisthelargestwithanareaof54，527，000squarekilometres。thesmallestcontinentistheaustralianmainland，withanareaofabout7，614，600squarekilometres，whichtogetherwithtasmania，newzealand，newguineaandthepacificislands，isdescribedasoceania（大洋州）。thetotalareaofoceaniaisabout8，935，500squarekilometres，includingwestiranwhichisinasia。
　　theworld’slargestpeninsula（半岛）isarabian，withanareaofabout3，327，500squarekilometres。thelargestislandintheworldisgreenland，withanareaofabout2，175，600squarekilometres。thelargestislandsurrounded（环绕）byfreshwaterislihademaraja（4，022squarekilometres）inthemouthoftheamazonriver，brazil。thelargestislandinalakeismanitoulinisland（2，766squarekilometres）inthecanadiansectionofthelakehuron。thisislanditselfhasonitalakeof106squarekilometrescalledmanitoulake，inwhichthereareseveralisland。
　　1。oceaniaismadeupof。
　　a。tasmaniaandnewzealandb。australia
　　c。newguineaandthepacificislandsd。alloftheabove
　　2。thelargestislandsurroundedbyfreshwater，whichhasanareaof4，022squarekilometres，isin。
　　a。ariverb。alakec。asead。anocean
　　3。lakehuronlies。
　　a。incanadab。neartocanadac。partlyincanadad。inbrazil
　　4。whichofthefollowingdiagramsshowsthecorrectrelationshipbetweenmanitoulinisland（mi），lakehuron（lh），manitoulake（ml），andtheseveralislands（sl）mentionedattheendofthepassage？
　　（14）
　　markhartmannisinthethirdgrade，buthecannotreadorwrite。hemakesloudsoundsfromhischairandwaveshishandsaroundhisheadallthetime。hecannotlistenformorethantwominutesatatime。sometimes，hehitstheotherchildren。sometimes，healsohitshisteacher。
　　markhartmannhasautism（孤独症）。hisbraincannotorganize（组织）andmanageinformationclearly。hedoesnotunderstandtheworldorthepeoplearoundhim。
　　theschoolprincipal（校长）saysthattheotherchildrenlosetwomuchlearningtimewhenmarkisintheirclassroom。shethinksmarkcangetabettereducationataspecialprogramnearby。there，teachersknowhowtotakecareofstudentswithautism。
　　butmark’sparentsdonotwanthimtogothere。infact，alawwasmadein1988。itsaysthatstudentswithdisabilities（残疾）canbeinregular（正常的）classes。thisgivesthemthesamechancesforsuccessaseveryoneelse。
　　thehartmannusedtoliveinchicago。markwenttoregularclassesthere。markhadhelpfromsomespecialteachers，andtheprogramwasverygoodforhim。hewaspartoftheschool，mrs。hartmanntoldreporters。healsolearnedtoholdhandswithsomeofthechildreninhisclass。
　　answerthequestions。
　　1。howdoesmarkactintheclassroom？
　　a。hecannotpayattentionverywell。
　　b。heshoutsfromhischair。
　　c。hehitsotherchildren。
　　d。alloftheabove
　　2。paragraph2explains。
　　a。autismb。mark’sideac。mark’sschoollife
　　3。the1988lawsaysthatdisabledstudentscanhave。
　　a。morechancesthaneveryoneelse
　　b。fewerchancesthaneveryoneelse
　　c。thesamechancesaseveryoneelse
　　d。differentchancesfromeveryoneelse
　　5。whatisgoodaboutthespecialprogramnearby？
　　a。theteachersthereknowmoreaboutautism。
　　b。itisclosetomark’shome。
　　c。marklikestheprogram。
　　（15）
　　treesareusefultomeninthreeimportantways：theyprovidethemwithwoodandotherproducts（产品），theygivethemshade（树荫），andtheyhelptopreventdroughtandfloods。
　　unfortunately，inmanypartsoftheworld，menhavenotrealized（功能）isthemostimportant。intheireagerness（渴望）tomakemoneyformtrees，somepeoplehavecuttreesdowninlargenumbers，onlytofindthatwithoutthemtheyhavelostthebestfriendstheyhad。andbesides（此外），theyareusuallytoocarelesstoplantandlookafternewtrees，sotheforestsslowlydisappear。
　　thisdoesn’tonlymeanthatmenwillhavefewertrees。theresultsareevenmoreserious：wheretherearetrees，theirroots（根）breakupsoilallowingtheraintosinkinandalsobind（固定）thesoil，thus（因而）preventingitfrombeingwashedawayeasily，butwheretherearenotrees，therainfallsandcarryingawaytherichtopsoil。whenallthetopsoilisgone，nothingremains（剩下）butworthlessdesert。
　　1。themostimportantserviceoftreestomenis。
　　a。theygivepeoplewoodandotherproducts
　　b。theygivepeopleshadeandcool
　　c。theyhelppeoplepreventdroughtandfloods
　　d。theyhelppeoplemakemoney
　　2。whatdoesunfortunatelymeaninchinese？
　　a。不可能的b。不幸的c。不经常的d。不固定的
　　3。landbecomesdesertafteralltreesartecutdown，because。
　　a。thereistoomuchrain
　　b。therearenomoretreestokeeptherichtopsoilfrombeingcarriedawaybyfloods
　　c。thereisastrongwind
　　d。rootsoftreesbreakupthesoil
　　4。peoplecutdownmanytreesbecause。
　　a。theywantedtogetwoodfromthem
　　b。theywantedtogetmoneyfromthem
　　c。theydidn’trealizetheimportanceofthem
　　d。alltheabove
　　5。whichofthefollowingisnottrue？
　　a。treerootscanmakethetopsoilrichandthegroundhard。
　　b。treescanmaketherainsinkintotheground。
　　c。treescanpreventdroughtandfloods。
　　d。treerootscanbreakupsoil。
　　sectionfour
　　answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothepassage。
　　（1）
　　ihavebeeninenglandfor3monthsnow。ihopeyoudon’tthinki’veforgottenyou。therearesomanyplacestoseeandsomanythingstodothati’venothadmuchtimeforwritingletters。
　　ishallsoonbestartingmystudiesatking’scollege。sofari’vebeenlearningaboutenglandandbritishwaysofliving。iwon’ttellyouaboutlondon。thereareplentyofbooksyoucanreadandlotsofpicturesyoucanlookat。i’msureyou’llbemoreinterestedtoknowwhatithinkaboutlifehere。
　　ifindsomeofthecustoms（习俗）newandinteresting。peopleheredonotshakehandsasmuchaswedointheeuropeancontinent。duringthefirstweeksiwasoftensurprisedbecausepeopledidnotputouttheirhandswhenimetthem。menraisetheirhatstowomenbutnottoeachother。
　　1。whodoyouthinkwrotetheletter，anamerican，abritishorafrench？
　　2。whatdidthewriterofthelettergotolondonfor？
　　3。whydidn’tthewriterreplysoonafterhearrived？
　　4。britishpeopledon’tshakehandsasoftenaseuropeanpeople，dothey？
　　5。arewomenrespected（受尊敬）bymeninbritain？
　　（2）
　　theclockstruck（敲）eight，butiwasstillonthebed。icouldhearitwasblowingstrongly。itmustbewindyoutside，ithought。
　　icametothesmalltownaweekago。isoldsomeclothestoashop。christmaswascomingandihopedtobuysomepresentsformyfamilyandfriends。soitriedtomeetthemanagerandaskhimtopayforthem。iwasoutofluck。hewenttolondonandihadtowaitforhimhere。therewasnotheatreherebutacinema。thefilmswerealltooold。ipreferredstayinginthesmallhoteltosittinginthecoldcinema。
　　halfanhourlater，ifelthungry。ihadtogetup。itwaswhiteeverywhereandsomechildrenwereskiingdownthehill。onmywaytothesmallrestaurant，isawaboyfallontoarock（岩石）。irantohimquicklyandcarriedhimtoahospital。soonhisparentscamehere。nowiknewtheboywasjustthemanager’sson。hethankedmeverymuchandgavemethemoneyafterwehadadinner。
　　1。whatwastheweatherliketoday？
　　2。whatdidthewritercometothetownfor？
　　3。whydidthewriterpreferstayinginthehotel？
　　4。whendidthewritergetup？
　　5。whydidthemangerthankthewriter？
　　（3）
　　therelivedalawyer（律师）inatown。thelawyerwasverycleverbutstingy（吝啬的）。peopleallknewthatthelawyerneverpaidotherswhenheaskedotherstodosomethingfromhim。
　　onedaythelawyer’swifewasbadlyill。thelawyeraskedadoctorforhelp。thedoctorwasreadytocometoseethesickwomanandtryhisbesttocureher。butthedoctorstoppedbeforehewentintothelawyer’shouse，forthedoctorknewthatveryoftenthelawyerdidnotpayothers。thedoctorsaidtothelawyer，butificureyourwife，i’mafraidyouwillnotpayme。
　　sir，answeredthelawyer，hereihavealotofmoney。whetheryoucureorkillmywife，i’llgiveyousomemoney。
　　thedoctorwasgladtohearthatandwentintothehouse。thewomanwasdying。thedoctortriedeverythingpossibletosaveher，butstillshediedintheend。hetoldthelawyerhewasverysorry，andthenaskedforpay。didyoukillmywife？askedthelawyer。ofcourseididn’t，saidthedoctor。well，didyoucuremywife？thelawyeraskedagain。youknowthatwasimpossible，answeredthedoctor。
　　wellthen，sinceyoudidn’tkillorcureher，ihavenothingtopayyou。
　　1。didthelawyerpayothersanymoneywhenheaskedthemtodosomething？
　　2。whatkindofpersonwasthedoctor？
　　3。whydidthedoctoragreetocurethelawyer’swife？
　　4。whathappenedtothelawyer’swife？
　　5。didthedoctorgetanymoneyfromthelawyerintheend？
　　（4）
　　isitpossibletosendmessagestosomeoneanywhereintheworldwithoutputtingastamponit？it’seasytodoso。usingcomputersyoucansendemailquicklyandeasily。ifyouhaveanemailaddress，youcanwrite，sendandreceivemessages。
　　emailisthemostinexpensivewaytocommunicate。youcansendmessageatanytimeofdayornighttopeopleallovertheworldwithoutpayingforalongdistancecall。manycompaniesuseemailforpeopleintheirofficeorinotherofficetocommunicatewithoneanother。youcansendthesamemessagetofiftypeopleormore。itdoesn’tmatterifyourfriendsareinbedwhenyousendemailtothem，oryouareseeingafilmatthecinemawhentheysendemailback。manyschoolsanduniversitiesgiveemailaddresstotheirstudents。emailaddressesarebecomingascommonasphonenumbers，butitcanalsomakeourlivesmorecomplicated。
　　1。whatdoyouneedtosendandreceiveemail？
　　2。whichischeaperandfastertosendmessages，byemailorbypost？
　　3。whenandwherecanemailbesent？
　　4。youcan’tgetanyemailswhenyouareout，canyou？
　　5。doyouthinkit’shelpfultouseemailornot？why？
　　（5）
　　inthetimeittakesyoutoreadthissentence，thepopulationoftheworldwillhavegrownbytenpeople。thatmaynotsoundmuch，butitis9，000peopleinanhour，1。5millionaweek，or79millionayear。thatisthesameasaddingmostofthepopulationofgermanytotheworldeveryyear。
　　mostofthesenewpeoplewerebornindevelopingcountries。thesecountriesarefoundinmuchofafrica，southamericaandpartsofasia。inthedevelopedcountriesofeuropeandnorthamerica，thepopulationisgrowingveryslowly。thisisbecausewomeninthesecountrieshave，onaverage，onlyoneortwochildren。inthedevelopingcountries，manywomenhavefiveormorechildren。in1950，aroundonequarteroftheworld’spopulationlivedinthedevelopedcountries。by2050，thesecountrieswillbehometoonlyaroundonetenthoftheworld’speople。
　　inthedevelopingcountries，morethanonebillionpeoplealreadylivebelowthepoverty（贫困）line。childrengetlittleornotimeatschoolandpeoplesuffer（遭受痛苦）frommanykindsofdiseases。
　　atthebeginningofthe21stcentury，theworld’spopulationwasaroundsixbillionpeople。theunhassaidthattheworld’spopulationwillleveloffat12。5billionpeoplebytheyear2100。othergroupsthinktheworld’spopulationwillcontinuetogrow，reaching14billionpeoplebeforeitbecomesstable（稳定的），orevenfalls。
　　1。howmanypeopleareaddedtotheworld’spopulationanhour？
　　2。developingcountriescanbefoundinwhatareasoftheworld？
　　3。in1950，whatpercentageoftheworld’spopulationlivedindevelopingcountries？
　　4。whatareexamplesthatshowpeoplearelivingbelowthepovertyline？
　　5。therewillbetwelveandahalfbillionpeopleontheearthin2100accordingtotheun，won’tthere？
　　（6）
　　manypeopledon’tliketostayathomeonholidays。theywanttogoouttoseesomethingdifferentordosomethingexciting。sopeoplefromthecountrycometothecityandpeoplefromthecitygotothecountryforholidays。duringtheholidays，trains，busesandplanesareallverybusy。it’sveryhardtobuytrainticketsorairtickets。manypeopletakecarsorbusesfortraveling。
　　lastmayday，myfamilywenttothecountrybycarforourholiday。therewastoomuchtrafficontheroad。sowehadtomoveveryslowly。ittookusaboutanhourtogetoutofthetown。aftersometime，wecametoahill。itwasgreenandbeautiful。wethoughtthiswasagoodplaceforapicnic。sowestoppedandtookthefood，fruitanddrinkoutofthecar。wesatdownandbegantoeat。suddenlyastrongwindblewandsoonitstartedtorain。wehadtorunbacktoourcarandhaveourpicnicinthecar。thenwedrovebackhome。whatasadtrip！
　　1。whydopeoplesonholidays？
　　2。whatoftenhappensonholidays？
　　3。whyisithardtobuytrainticketsorairtickets？
　　4。wheredidthefamilygolastmayday？
　　5。didtheyhaveagoodtrip？whyorwhynot？
　　（7）
　　astheinternetgetsmoreandmorepopularinchina，billgatesandhismicrosofthavebecomewellknowntothechineseyoungpeople。butfewpeopleknowmichaeldell，anotherwizard（天才）oftheinformationage。
　　dell，39，isheadofdellcomputer，thesecondlargestpccompanyintheunitedstates。hiscompanywasabletodefeatlargercompetitors（对手）andsellthecomputersatlowerpricesbecausetheydidn’tusethedistributors（批发商）。
　　whilehewasafirstyearstudentattheuniversityoftexas，dellused1，000tostartabusinesssellingcomputeraccessories（配件）。hewouldbuyparts，putthemtogetherintoupgradedpersonalcomputersandsellthemdirectlytocustomers（顾客）。hesucceededbykeepinghismindfirmlyondoingbusinessinsteadofmakingmoney。
　　dellsometimesreturnedtotheuniversitytospeaktobusinessstudents。oneofthemaskedtheyoungbillionaire（亿万富翁）whyhestillkeptworking。
　　you’vegotsomuchmoney，hesaid。whydon’tyoujustsellout，andbuyaboatandsailofftothecaribbean？
　　delllookedathimandreplied，sailingisnotthatinteresting。doyouhaveanyideahowmuchfunitistorunabilliondollarcompany？
　　1。whendiddellbeginhisbusiness？
　　2。whywasdellcomputerabletosellpersonalcomputersatlowerpricesthanitsbiggercompetitors？
　　3。whatdoestheunderlinedwordupgradedmeaninenglishorchinese？
　　4。isdellveryinterestedinrunningabigcomputercompanyormakingmoney？
　　（8）
　　coffeehasbeenapartofpeople’slifeforthousandsofyears，andtodayitisstillafavouritedrinkofmillionsofpeopleintheworld。coffeeissopopular，butdoyouknowthestoryofcoffeeandhowitwasdiscovered？
　　thereisanoldstorythatsayscoffeewasdiscoveredinafricalong，longtimeago。oneday，afarmerwaswatchinghisgoats，andhesawthemeatsomesmallberriesfromaplant。aftertheyatetheberries，thegoatsbecameveryactive。themanoftenfelttired，sohedecidedtotrytheberriestoo。surprisingly，hedidnotfeeltiredanymore。coffeeplantswerethusdiscovered。thencoffeewastakenfromafricatoarabia，andthereitwasfirstusedasmedicine。thearabskeptcoffeeasecretformanyyears。later，coffeecametoturkey，thenitaly，thenfrance。fromeurope，thecoffeeplantwastakentoamerica。peoplefoundthatcoffeeplantsgrewwellinmanypartsofsouthamerica，solargecoffeefarmswerestarted，andmanycoffeeplantsweregrown。onthesefarms，coffeebeanswerepickedfromtheplantsbyhand。thenthebeansweredriedandpreparedformarkettosell。differentcoffeebeansweremixedtogethertoproducedifferentkindsofcoffee。coffeewassenttoallovertheworld，andsoonbecameverypopular。
　　1。wheredidcoffeecomefrom？
　　2。whodiscoveredit？how？
　　3。didcoffeecometoeuropeshortlyafteritwasdiscovered？
　　4。whatwascoffeefirstusedasinarabia？
　　5。whywerelargecoffeefarmsstartedinsouthamerica？
　　6。howdidpeoplegetcoffeebeansfromtheplants？
　　7。whydidpeoplemixdifferentcoffeebeanstogether？
　　sectionfive
　　taskbasedreading：finishoffthetasksaccordingtowhatyouread。
　　（1）
　　actorsandactresses385399maps（colour）517528
　　museums454469medicaledfelopments492
　　animals493496holidays841873
　　art，famous480481plantsrivers108109，
　　114115
　　highways131141nationalparks747749
　　books，bestsellers476countries529615
　　discoveriresandinventions336338passorts142144
　　environment80101population616619
　　education284321postalinformation10331039
　　flagsoftheworld（colour）513516sports884978
　　1。youcanfindtheinformationonelephantsonpages。
　　2。ifyouwanttoknowmoreaboutchinesefilmstarjackiechan，youshouldsearchwithonpages385399。
　　3。onewholikessurfingcanfindtheinformationabouttohowtosurfonpages。
　　a。142144b。841873c。d。517528
　　4。ifyouareinterestedinthomasedison，youmaysearch。
　　（2）
　　newwords：1。familiar熟悉的2。grocerystore副食商店3。regular固定的4。container5。oz是ounce（盎司）的缩写形式，1磅16盎司hj
　　1。theregularpriceofbonelessbarbecueis。
　　2。ifyoubuythreepoundsofchickenonsale，yourtotalsavingis。
　　3。supposeyouneed2。5poundsofstrawberriestomakeicecreamandyouwillbuycontainers。
　　4。eightpeoplearecomingtoyourfourthofjulypicnic。iffiveearsofcornare1，oneearcosts。
　　（3）
　　whatisbirdflu？whenbirds，wildordomestic（家养的），catchaflu，theymaypassthevirustoeachother。themostdangerousvirusescankillbirdswithinhours。
　　peoplemaycatchthediseasewhenhandlingbirdsortheirwaste。scientistsnowworrythatmigratorywildbirdsmightpassthediseasetodomesticbirds。thiscouldputmorepeopleindanger。
　　sinceXX，morethan120peoplehavecaughtbirdfluinsoutheastasia。halfofthemhavedied。
　　inthepastseveralweeks，chinahasreportedthreeoutbreaks（爆发）ofbirdfluthathavekilled3，800chickens，ducksandgeese。
　　whatisbirdflu？itstheflucaughtby（1）andcanbe（2）toeachotherandpeople。
　　southeastasia（3）peoplehavecaughtbirdflu。
　　china（4）outbreakstherehavekilled（5）domesticbirds。
　　（4）
　　thepicturebelowshowsthetemperature（）andtherainfall（mm）ofguangzhou。thetemperatureisshownasacurve（曲线图），therainfallisincolumns（柱形图）。
　　1。therainfallinmayismm。
　　2。it’scolderinthaninanyothermonth。
　　3。。
　　4。hasthemostrainfall。
　　（5）
　　1。lifangisafanofkangta，asinger。shewillgotohisconcertonseptember。
　　2。ifunclejoewantstolistentorockmusic，hemaypayatleasttogotoconcert。
　　3。ifcuijianhasasorethroatandhehastoputoffhisconcert，hecan’tplayhisconcertonthesamethenextdaybecausewillhaveaconcertthere。
　　4。wanghualikess。h。e。verymuch。shewillgotothethreeconcertinat7：30，september23。
　　sectionone
　　（1）15eadfb
　　（2）15fceba
　　（3）15debaf
　　（4）15fbeda
　　（5）15ceadf
　　sectiontwo
　　（1）15tttff
　　（2）15tffft
　　（3）15ftftf
　　（4）15ttfft
　　（5）15tfftt
　　（6）15tfttf
　　（7）14tftf
　　（8）15tfttf
　　（9）15tftft
　　（10）15tfttf
　　sectionthree
　　（1）14abdc
　　（2）15dcdab
　　（3）15ddbda
　　（4）15cbbdc
　　（5）15bcaba
　　（6）15dcdab
　　（7）15acadb
　　（8）15cddcd
　　（9）15bbdcc
　　（10）15bacad
　　（11）15dbadb
　　（12）15bbcad
　　（13）14dacd
　　（14）14daca
　　（15）15cbbda
　　sectionfour
　　（1）1。afrench。2。hewenttolondontostudy。3。becausehewastoobusytowriteback。
　　4。no，theydon’t。5。yes，theyare。
　　（2）1。itwasawindydaytoday。
　　2。hecametothetowntoaskthemanagertopayfortheclothes。
　　3。becauseitwasalittlewarmerthere。
　　4。hegotupathalfpasteight。
　　5。becausethewritersavedhisson。
　　（3）1。no，never。
　　2。hewaskind。
　　3。becausethedoctorthoughtthelawyerwouldgivehimmoney。
　　4。shedied。
　　5。no。thedoctordidn’tgetanymoneyfromthelawyer。
　　（4）1。acomputerandemailaddress。
　　2。byemail。
　　3。anytimeandanywhere。
　　4。yes，ican。
　　5。ithinkit’shelpful。becauseit’sthecheapestwaytocommunicate。
　　（5）1。about14，000people。
　　2。theycanbefoundinafrica，southamericaandpartsofasia。
　　3。seventyfivepercent75。
　　4。gettinglittleeducation。（答对其中两点即可）
　　5。yes，therewill。
　　（6）1。becausetheywanttogoouttoseesomethingdifferentordosomethingexciting。
　　2。it’shardtobuytrainticketsorairtickets。
　　3。becausemanypeoplewanttogoout。
　　4。thefamilywenttothecountry。
　　5。no，theydidn’t。becauseitrainedsuddenly。
　　（7）1。shortlyafterheenteredtheuniversity。
　　2。becausehesoldcomputersdirectlytocustomers。
　　3。itmeansimproved改良的升级的。
　　4。heisveryinterestedinrunningabigcompany。
　　（8）1。itcamefromamerica。
　　2。afarmerdiscoveredit。oneday，whenthefarmerwaswatchinghisgoats，hesawthemeatsomesmallberries，andthengoatsbecameveryactive。themanoftenfelttired，sohedecidetotrytheberriestoo。surprisingly，hedidnotfeeltiredanymore。inthiswayhediscoveredcoffee。
　　3。no，itdidn’t。
　　4。itwasusedasmedicineinarabia。
　　5。becausepeoplefoundthatcoffeeplantsgrewwellinmanypartsofsouthamerica。
　　6。firstcoffeebeanswerepickedfromplantsbyhand。thenthebeansweredriedandpreparedformarkettosell。
　　7。becausepeoplecanproducedifferentkindsofcoffeebymixing。
　　sectionfive
　　（1）1。4934962。actorsandactresses3。8849784。discoveriesandinventions
　　（2）1。3。49lb2。2。223。34。20cents
　　（3）1。birds2。passed3。morethan1204。three5。3，800
　　（4）1。3002。december3。june，july4。june。
　　（5）1。koreanpopular，25th2。22，cunjian’s3。gymnasiumgym，kangta4。girls’，worker’sstadium