非谓语的定义 位置执行者及与其关系结合位置讨论动作的时间性 1。主语 1)doinglearningenglishisimportant。 yourlearningenglishisimportant。 forthemtohavebeeninvitedtothepartyisnice。 todotolearnenglishisimportant。 forachinesetoenglishisimportant。 note:a)itisitisnousegoodnotanygooduse b)toplaybasketballthisafternoon playingbasketballisfun。 惯用语 thereisnodoing thereisnoplayingfootballduringthebreaksintheschool。 thereit’snousegoodnotanyusegooduselessdoing havedifficultytroubleahardtimefunindoing comeneartodoing hecameneartobeingknockeddown。 2。表语 myjobisteachingforeignerschinese。 themissionistoteachforeignerschinese。 whatiwanttodois(to)helpyou。 heissurprised。thestoryisinteresting。 3。宾语 宾语 短语的宾语 objectto,devotedto,lookforwardto,besentencedto,beusedto,leadto,stickto,preferto,referto,fallto,taketo,giveto,seeto,beopposedto,bereducedto,contributeto(促使),owingto,dueto,nextto,asto,getdownto(开始认真对待),getaroundto(找到时间去) dedicatetogivewaytobefamiliartoapplyoneselftocometoaddtoinadditiontokeeptolookupto(尊敬)standupto(勇敢面对) cf,agreetodoagreetodoing beaccustomedtodobeaccustomedtodoing 名词to后跟动名词 keyto,memorialto,monumentto,damageto,dedicationto,devotionto,solutionto,wayto,serviceto,visitto,additionto,entranceto,answerto,clueto,cueto,payattentionto 动名词动词后作宾语 admit,advise,allow,appreciate,avoid,complete,consider,delay,deny,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,forbid,forgive,imagine,involve,keep,mention,mind,miss,postpone,practice,resist,risk,suggest,permit,prevent,fancy,understand burstout,feellike,giveup,can’thelp,leaveoff(戒除)putoff 不定式动词后作宾语 afford,agree,appear,arrange,ask,attempt,beg,care(wouldyoucaretoseeme?)choose,dare,decide,expect,fail,happen,help,hesitate,hope,manage,offer,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,seem,stand,wish,claim,bother,prove,determine,learn,long,plan,tend,volunteer, 不定式动名词都可做宾语无区别 begin,start,continue,neglect,beaccustomed,can’tbearintend 不定式动名词都可做宾语有区别 proposedoing提议proposetodo打算 rememberforget heforgot(lock)thedoorthatmorning。hereturnedhomeonlytofindthathehadremembered(lock)thedoor。 goon regret stop try mean likelovehate need,wantrequiredeserve can’thelp 动名词的完成式用于作宾语时,ing和havingdone一般没有区别,除了: iamsureofhispassingtheexam。hishavingpassedtheexam。 4。定语 doing与所修饰的名词没有逻辑关系,表示用途 readingroomdininghallchewinggumpaintingbrushsewingmachine dancinggirlthegirldancing surprisedsurprising 单个作前置 hereisabooktobewrittennextyear。themandancingthereismyclassmates。 beingwrittennow。todanceattheeveningismyclassmates writtenlastyear。thefirstbestlastpersontocome towrite next,second,last,only和nota,the等限定词时候,只能用不定式。 1)thisisthebestplacetolearnenglish。(time,chance,moment,way) 2)idon’ttrusthispromisetocomeforavisit。 不定式修饰一些表示方向、原因、时间、机会、权利等抽象名词如: ability能力,本领drive赶,驾驶movement运动,活动 ambition抱负,野心effort努力,尝试need需要,需求 campaign战役,运动failure失败,不及格opportunity机会 chance机会force力,压力,要点promise许诺,希望 courage勇气intention意向,意图reason理由,原因 decision决定method方法,方式light光,光线,亮光 determination决心,决定motive动机,目的struggle奋斗,努力, tendency倾向,趋势wish希望,愿望,祝愿 5。状语 1位置 定语状语表语宾语补足语 所修饰的词主语主语宾语 seeingthepolice,thethiefranaway。 havinghadthemeal,hewenttothestudy。 seenbythepolice,thethiefranaway。 havingbeenoperatedon,thepatientwassenttotheward。 heworkshardjusttosupportthewholefamily。 hewentthereonlytofindtherewasnooneleft。 footballisplayedinmosteuropeancountries,thusmakingitmostpopular。 状语结果状语soastodoso。。astotoo。。toenoughto thusdoing 目的状语todoinordertodosoastodo havingdonedonebeingdonedone when,asif,while,if,evenif,although,once,unless,until引导分词 if(arrive)earlytomorrow,wecangoswimming。 theemperorwalkedinthestreet,。 a。withnothingonb。notwearinganythingc。havingnothingond。withoutanythingworn timepermitting,iwilldropinatmyteacher’s。 theteacherbeingill,theclasswasdismissed。 withn。n。adj。adv。p。pingtododone withnoonehisfriend,hefeltquitelonely。 宾语补足语 分词作宾语补足语 see,hear,watch,find,feel,catch, get,keep,have,make,set, 不定式作宾语补足语 1votodo advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,command,compel(强迫),encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,hate,help,instruct,intend,invite,like,love,mean,need,oblige,order,permit,persuade,prefer,recommend,remind,request,teach,tell,tempt,trouble,want,warn,wish,prepare 2assume,believe,consider,feel,know,suppose,thinksb。tobe。havebeenbedoing 3。没tosee,hear,watch,find,feelnotice,observe,listento,lookat, have,let,makeget,lkeep,set havesb。dodoingdone havefoodtoeat havefoodeaten。 likeneedorderwantwishsth。(tobe)done。 省略to的不定式 feelhearlistentomakelethaveseewatchnoticeobservelookat makelethave wouldratherdothandoratherthandohadbetterdo exceptbesidesbut whynotdowhydo whathedoesiscollectsomestamps。 help(to)dohelpsb。(to)do 常用不定式进行和完成式的情况 1appearhappen,seem,prove,claim,pretendbesaid,reported,believed,supposed,known,sure,certain,thought,consideredexpectedlikely 2形容词后 3表示过去落空的愿望 wouldlikewas,expect,intend,hope,mean,plan,promise,suppose,think,want,wishtohavedone 垂悬式不定式 totellthetruth,tobeplainwithyou,toreturntothesubject,tochangethesubject,needlesstosay,tomakemattersworsebetter,tobebrief,tobeginwith,tobefrank, generallybroadlystrictlyfranklyhonestlyspeaking,talkingofspeakingofconsideringconcerningregardingseeing(既然)providedprovidingsupposingjudgingfrom 不用冠词的单数名词情况 1。gotoschool 2。fatherandson 3。teacherasheis 4。kindsorttypevarietyofbook 5。john,headofthedepartment, 6。turnteacher 7。guninhand