period4grammar 1teachingobjectives learntousedirectspeechandindirectspeech 2。teachingimportantpoint summarizetherulesofdirectspeechandindirectspeech。 3。teachingdifficultpoint learnaboutthespecialcasesinwhichthetensesshouldn’tbechanged。 4。teachingmethods discussing,summarizingandpracticing。 5。teachingprocedures step1warmingup warmingupbydiscoveringusefulwordsandexpressions step2presentation boysactonecartoonfigureandsayssomething。 teacheraskswhatdidheshesay? girlsacttheothercartoonfigureandanswertheteacher’squestion。 thenboysandgirlsexchange。 theshoesaretoobigforme。 whatdidhesay? hesaidtheshoesweretoobigforhim step3grammar thestudentswilllearntheuseofdirectspeechandindirectspeech(statementsandquestions)。firsttrytomakecleartothestudentswhatdirectandindirectspeechis,withthehelpofthepracticeinstepiii。amples。atlastgetthemtosummarizetherulesofdirectspeechandindirectspeech(statementsandquestions)。 t:inthispart,wearetolearntheuseofdirectspeechandindirectspeech(statementsandquestions)。whendoweusedirectspeechandwhendoweuseindirectspeech? t:nowlet’slookatthesesentencesagain。ifwewanttochangedirectspeechintoindirectspeech,whatshouldbechanged? ssdiscussbythemselves。 ss:sentencestructures,tenses,pronouns,adverbialsoftimeandplaceandverbsshouldbechanged。 t:quiteright。lookattheformonthescreen。thesearetherules。 一、直接引语变成间接引语,句子结构的变化 1。陈述句 用连词that引导,that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said,也可用told来代替,注意,可以说saidthat,saidtosb。that,toldsb。that,不可直接说toldthat hesaid,ihavebeentothegreatwall。hesaidtousthathehadbeentothegreatwall。 hesaid,illgiveyouanexaminationnextmonday。 hetoldusthathewouldgiveusanexaminationthenextmonday。 解题步骤: idon’tlikecomputers,sarahsaidtoherfriends。 sarahsaidtoherfriendsthatidon’tlikecomputers。 shedidn’t sarahsaidtoherfriendsthatshedidn’tlikecomputers。 。2。一般疑问句 间接引语用连词whether或if引导,原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(mehimus等),语序是陈述句的语序 hesaid,doyouhaveanydifficultywithpronunciation? heasked(me)whetherifihadanydifficultywithmypronunciation。 hesaid,youareinterestedinenglish,arentyou? heaskedwhetheriwasinterestedinenglish。 解题步骤: isiteasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil? (theyaskedhim)itiseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil。 theyaskedhimifitiseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil was theyaskedhimifitwaseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil。 3。特殊疑问句 原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词,主句的谓语动词用ask(sb。)来表达,语序改为陈述句语序 hesaidtome,whatsyourname?heaskedmewhatmynamewas。 heaskedus,howmanycarfactorieshavebeenbuiltinyourcountry? heaskedushowmanycarfactorieshadbeenbuiltinourcountry。 解题步骤: whendoyouharvestthewheat? (theyaskedhim)youharvestthewheat theyaskedhimwhenyouharvestthewheat。 heharvested theyaskedhimwhenheharvestedthewheat。 4。选择疑问句 用whetheror表达,而不用ifor,也不用eitheror heasked,doyouspeakenglishorfrench? heaskedmewhetherispokeenglishorfrench。 iasked,willyoutakebusortaketrain? iaskedhimwhetherhewouldtakebusortaketrain。 二、在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化 1。注意时态的变化directindirect presentpast pastpastandpastperfect presentperfectpastperfect pastperfectpastperfect 2。注意人称变化。 3。注意指示代词的变化this,these(that,those) 4。注意时间的变化now,today,thisweek,yesterday,lastweek,fourdaysago,thedaybeforeyesterday,tomorrow,nextmonth(then,thatday,thatweek,thedaybefore,theweekbefore,fourdaysbefore,twodaysbefore,thenextday,thenextmonth) 5。注意地点的变化here(there) 6。注意个别趋向动词的变化come,bring(go,take) 三、谓语动词时态变化需要注意几点: 1。直接引语表述的是客观真理,变为间接引语时,时态不变 thegeographyteachersaid,thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest。 thegeographyteachertoldusthatthesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest。 2。如果直接引语所表述的内容在目前和说话时同样有效,变间接引语时,时态可不变 thechildrensaid,welovethisgame。 theytoldusthattheylovethatgame。 3。主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态,在引述时,时态不变。 shesays,i’llneverforgetthedaysinthecountry。 shesaysthatshe’llneverforgetthedaysinthecountry。 从句时态无须改变的还有以下情况: 1。当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候 2。当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时 3。当直接引语中有以when,while引导的从句,表示过去的时间时 4。当引语是谚语、格言时 5。当直接引语中有情态动词should,would,could,hadbetter,wouldrather,might,must,oughtto,usedto,need时 step4practice forex1,getthestudentstolookatthesentencescarefullyinpairsinordertofindoutthedifferencebetweendirectspeechandindirectspeech。guidethestudentstofindoutthechangesinpronounforms,wordorder,adverbialsandsoon,especiallytheverbtenses,theunderlineparts。askthestudentstopayattentiontothereportingclause。 forex2,askthestudentstodoitbythemselves,thencheck。 exercises: 1。hesaid,imafraidican’tfinishthiswork。 2。hesaid,ihaven’theardfromhimsincemay。 3。tomsaidiwillseeyounextweek。 4。whywereyoulateagain?theteachersaidtome。 5。idon’tlikeswimming,saidsarah。 6。hisfriendsaskedhimifhewouldgotodalian。 7。haveyoubeentoparis?myclassmateaskedme。 高考链接 1。readerscanquitewellwithoutknowingtheexactmeaningofeachword。 a。getoverb。getin c。getalongd。getthrough 2。it’shardformetoimaginewhatiwouldbedoingtodayifiinlove,attheageofseven,withthemelindacoxlibraryinmyhometown。 a。wouldn’thavefallenb。hadnotfallen c。shouldfalld。weretofall 3。fatherwenttohisdoctorforabouthishearttrouble。 a。anadviceb。advice c。advicesd。theadvices 4。iwonderhowhethattotheteacher。 a。daretosayb。daresaying c。notdaresayd。daredsay step6correctingmistakes tanalysesthecommonmistakessshavemadeduringthepractice。 t:nowlet’slookatthescreenandpayattentiontothesesentences。choosetherightsentenceandtellmewhytheotheroneiswrong。